陆生植物对UV-B辐射增量响应研究进展

大气同温层的臭氧层逐渐被破坏导致太阳辐射中的UV—B辐射部分抵达地球表面增加，对陆生植物产生不同程度的影响,本文讨论了UV—B辐射对陆生植物在分子和器官水平的影响，植物可能通过UV—B光受体吸收低水平UV—B辐射，并通过不同信息途径转导，这包括钙、激酶和活性氧等，UV—B辐射诱致基因活性变化，并改变植物的形态和功能，暴露在UV—B辐射下大量基因表达发生变化，包括调节编码保护色素、DNA修复蛋白的基因和光合基因等．UV—B辐射引起光合作用、生长和生物量降低，极少数植物增加生物产量，整体群体生物量倾向减少．UV—B辐射对热带亚热带森林树种影响的报道甚少，目前增高UV—B辐射对生态系统的影响应得到重视．参45     

估算区域蒸发的能量法研究

本文介绍了有关估算区域尺度蒸发的模型研究.通过对我国分别为1878(?),318161,866559km~2的三个区域蒸发的估算,验证了Budyko能量模型的适用性.用该模型分别计算的三个区域蒸发结果与相应区域实测结果比较表明,Budyko的能量模型可以应用于我国不同气候条件和较大尺度区域蒸发的估算.本文对数据处理和区域选择也进行了研究.     

低纬高原城市区域冬季的大气环境与不同波长辐射特征

本文以低纬高原城市昆明市为研究对象，利用城市内外不同波长辐射的实测资料，分析了颥人、外不同波长辐射的分布特征、变化规律及共差异以及与大气环境的相互关系，探讨了城市及大气环境对太阳辐射的影响为城市气候的深入研究以及城市建筑的规划、设计、环境污染防治提供依据，并可为其它地区的同类研究提供参考。     

Reside0ntial solar water heating as a potential Clean Development Mechanism project: A South African case study

A community-based Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project – asolar water heating project in a low-income community in South Africa –is analysed to illustrate the methodological and policy challenges that faceimplementation of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change. We evaluate four baseline options, andthree potential CDM interventions. The emissions reductions range from –670 to +5 929 Mg CO₂ per year, with all option but oneshowing positive emission reductions. Using metered solar water heatingwith liquefied petroleum gas back-up as the CDM intervention, and electricstorage geysers as the baseline, the annual emissions reductions are 5686 Mg CO₂. The cost-effectiveness from the national perspective,which is the incremental life cycle costs divided by the lifetime emissionsreductions, is –$18 per Mg CO₂ From the perspective of theCDM investor, however, the cost-effectiveness is $5.2 per mgCO₂, assuming that the investor receives all of the carbon credits forproviding the incremental capital investment. From our analysis, weconclude that using the current technology (kerosene stoves) as a baselineis probably not appropriate because it does not reflect likely future trendsand also penalises the community for their poverty and current lack ofinfrastructure. We also highlight the importance of credit sharing, and howit affects the cost-effectiveness of the project from the CDM investor'sperspective. The lessons from this analysis are important for the currentinternational policy debate on how to preferentially treat small-scale CDMprojects.     

Effect of atmospheric aerosols on UV-B radiation reaching the ground

Solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground can be reduced due to light scattering of atmospheric aerosols. Aerosol pollution has led to the decrease in biological active UV-B radiation by about 45% and 10% in city and rural areas, respectively. In populated areas, effect of aerosol scattering on UV-B radiation may offset the increased amount of UV-B caused by ozone depletion, but in clean areas such as two poles, ozone depletion may have great damage effects on ecosystems.     

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响陈千盛（福建省气候中心，福州３５０００１）池艳珍（福建省气象局）关键词太阳总辐射；散射辐射；能见度混浊度因子．建国以来，福州由于市区范围不断扩大及工业发展，人口和车辆与日俱增，空中尘埃量随之增多，空气日益恶浊．这种状...     

云南省电磁辐射环境管理浅谈

本文针对云南省电磁辐射环境及管理现状，参照国内、国外的管理模式对云南省电磁辐射环境管理的建设及实施提出自己的一些观点及建议并进行探讨。     

包头市放射性污染源现状及污染防治对策

通过对全市放射性污染源现状调查 ,摸清了全市放射性源的种类、数量、分布及放射性污染物排放现状以及存在的主要环境问题 ,针对存在的问题 ,提出了减轻污染的防治对策     

全区密封放射源管理中存在的问题及对策和建议

本文概括介绍了我区密封放射源现状，指出了我区密封放射源安全管理中存在的问题，分析了问题产生的主要原因，阐述了尽快解决问题的紧迫性，并提出了解决的对策和建议。