湖水源热泵系统尾水排放对湖泊富营养化进程的影响研究

以重庆市开县人民医院湖水源热泵工程为例,通过对该工程运行期间尾水受纳湖泊水域水温、氮、磷和浮游植物的长期监测,研究了湖水源热泵系统尾水对湖泊富营养化进程的影响。结果表明,夏季系统的长期运行导致了排放口附近水域水温的升高;当系统温排水水温在30℃以下时,温排水造成的温升使得排放口附近氮、磷含量升高,蓝、绿藻数量大幅增加,加速了湖泊的富营养化进程;当温排水水温达到33℃以上时,过高的温度会抑制藻类的生长。冷排水使湖泊排放口近水域浮游植物总量降低,且硅藻占总藻的比例增大,冷排水同时抑制了蓝藻和其他一些藻类的生长,对湖泊富营养化有一定缓解作用。但另一方面,由于温差较小,且冷排水的扰动作用加速了湖泊沉积物中营养盐的释放,因而冷排水对湖泊富营养化进程又有一定促进作用。     

大莲湖生态修复工程对水质影响的研究

大莲湖是淀山湖水系中富营养化程度较为严重的湖泊,从2008年12月起,为了改善水质,重建大莲湖生态环境,采取了塑造地型、设计护坡、调整水系、配置植物、构建快速渗透系统等措施治理大莲湖,分析了生态工程完工后半年多来大莲湖水质变化状况;结果表明:经过生态修复后,其水质得到明显改善,COD、总氮和总磷分别比生态区外的鱼塘下降了68%、62%和74%;氨氮平均为0.27 mg/L,亚硝态氮平均0.02 mg/L,叶绿素a平均下降了72%。因此,将工程措施与生物净化方法有机结合在一起,并因地制宜地构建快速渗透系统是湖泊治理的一条有效途径,该修复工程的成功实施也为其他生态修复工程提供了技术支持。     

典型湖库富营养化的模糊综合评价研究

随着氮磷等营养盐类的不断排入湖库中,导致了水体的富营养化,使得水体透明度下降,产生异味,对人们的身体健康造成威胁。通过采用合适的水体富营养化评价模型,可以对水体的污染现状进行评价,得出正确的结论,以便采用适当的处理方式及时处理富营养化状况,减少对水环境和人体健康的危害。采用模糊综合评价法,将评价指标进行层次分析,并根据指标的相互关系,确定了各指标的权重,建立了模糊综合评价的数学模型。最终根据建立的评价指标体系、确定的评价标准和实测的湖库（巢湖、洱海和微山湖等）水质资料,得到了我国典型湖库的富营养化评价结论。评价结果与实际状况相吻合,说明该模型适合广泛应用     

鄱阳湖枯水期水体营养浓度及重金属含量分布研究

通过监测鄱阳湖枯水期的主湖区、五河入湖口以及碟形湖表层水体氮、磷等营养浓度以及重金属含量变化,对鄱阳湖全湖的营养状况以及重金属污染现状进行了系统分析。结果表明：2010年枯水期的鄱阳湖流域表层水体总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等含量较高,达富营养化水平,湖泊水质受总氮、氨态氮、总磷和pH的影响较大。且鄱阳湖水域的氮、磷等营养存在明显的空间差异。研究结果进一步显示,饶河入湖口水体N、P污染最严重（TN 314 mg/L;TP 025 mg/L）,修河入湖口污染程度次之（TN 134 mg/L;TP 009 mg/L）,而南矶山碟形湖水体污染最小（TN 049 mg/L;TP 005 mg/L）。鄱阳湖表层水体重金属Pb、Cd的含量较低,符合国家渔业水质标准要求,尤其是湖泊Cd含量低于地表水Ｉ类标准。但鄱阳湖流域Cu、Zn污染较严重     

Fenton试剂对富营养化湖水黑臭的氧化降解作用

通过室内实验,研究Fenton试剂对富营养化水体黑臭物质氧化降解作用。实验结果表明,在黑臭的富营养化水中投加Fenton试剂20 min后,水体臭味明显降低,90 min后水体臭味全部消除;水体浊度、色度有显著改善,水体浊度、色度去除率分别达73.73%和93.11%,显著高于对照组的53.4%和22%;水体溶解氧量显著提高;水体的pH值保持在7左右。鱼类毒理实验结果表明,最佳剂量的Fenton试剂对实验鱼类无急性毒性作用。     

水培彩叶草抑制藻类繁殖的试验研究

通过人为控制光照、温度和培养液体积栽种水培彩叶草(简称彩叶草),并对彩叶草的抑藻能力进行测定,分析了彩叶草抑藻过程中营养物质浓度变化,并与凤眼莲的抑藻效果进行对比.结果表明,在不同培养条件下,彩叶草均能明显抑制藻类的过度生长;在保持培养液营养物质自然变化的条件下,栽种彩叶草与不栽种彩叶草培养液的营养物质浓度均直线下降,...     

层状双氢氧化物去除水中磷的实验研究

研究了层状双氢氧化物处理高浓度含磷废水的可行性,考察了pH值、温度、吸附时间、振荡速度等因素对磷去除率的影响。结果表明,当pH值为7、反应温度为25℃、吸附时间为60min、LDH投加量为0.1g/50ml、磷初始浓度为500mg/L、震荡速度为150r/min时,磷的去除率高达94.82%,层状双氢氧化物对水中磷的吸附作用符合Langmiur等温方程。     

Factors Influencing Allelopathy and Toxicity in Prymnesium parvum1

Granéli, Edna and Paulo S. Salomon, 2010. Factors Influencing Allelopathy and Toxicity in Prymnesium parvum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):108-120. Abstract: Some microalgae are able to kill or inhibit nutrient-competing microalgae, a process called allelopathy. Inhibiting or killing competitors enable these species to monopolize limiting resources, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Prymnesium parvum is known to produce such allelopathic compounds, substances that seem identical to the ichthyotoxins identified from this species. Biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence not only growth rates but also toxin/allelopathic compounds production by P. parvum cells. Toxin production, as well as allelopathy, including grazer deterrence, increases dramatically in light, temperature, or nutrient stressed P. parvum cells. Correspondingly, toxicity and allelopathy may decrease, or cease completely, if cells are grown with high amounts of N and P in balanced proportions. However, even under nutrient (N and P) sufficient conditions, P. parvum is able to produce toxins/allelopathic compounds, with negative effects on other phytoplankton species or grazers, if cells densities of P. parvum are high relative to other species. This negative effect might shift the plankton community to more toxin resistant species. Filtrates from nutrient-deficient P. parvum cultures have almost the same strong negative effect on grazers and other phytoplankton species as when Prymnesium cells are grown together with the target organisms. Eutrophication, the increased input of N and P to aquatic ecosystems, besides increasing nutrient concentrations, is usually provoking unbalanced N:P condition for the optimal growth of phytoplankton, deviating from the Redfield ratio, i.e., the phytoplankton cellular nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, N:P = 16:1 (by atoms) or 7.2:1 (by weight). Eutrophication thus both enhances P. parvum growth and increases production of toxins and allelopathic compounds. Supplying N-deficient or P-deficient P. parvum cells with the deficient nutrient reduces toxicity to less than half within 24 h after additions. As P. parvum is mixotrophic, uptake of dissolved or particulate organic N (DON or PON) can also reduce toxicity and allelopathy in the same manner as addition of inorganic N to N-starved cells. In conclusion, P. parvum, by increasing its toxicity and allelopathic ability under poor environmental conditions, outcompetes the co-occurring phytoplankton species.     

Lake eutrophication management modeling using dynamic programming

Lake eutrophication problems have received considerable attention in Taiwan, especially because they relate to the quality of drinking water. In this study, steady-state river water quality and lake eutrophication models are solved using dynamic programming algorithms to find the nutrient removal rates for eutrophication control during dry season. The kinetic cycle of chlorophyll-a, phosphorus and nitrogen for a complete-mixed lake is considered in the optimization framework. The Newton-iterative technique is adopted to solve the nonlinear equations for the steady-state lake eutrophication model. The optimization framework is applied to Cheng-Ching Lake in southern Taiwan. Several nutrient loading scenarios for eutrophication control are studied. Optimization results for nutrient removal rates and corresponding wastewater treatment capacities of each reach of the Kao-Ping River define the least cost approach to lake eutrophication control. A natural purification method, structural free water surface wetland, is also suggested to save more investment and improve river water quality at the same time.     

从溶解氧含量变化分析博斯腾湖水质现状

通过对博斯腾湖2002 - 2006年水质溶解氧含量变化的分析研究,得出博斯腾湖水位下降,水质溶解氧含量呈下降趋势,博斯腾湖的部分区域有富营养化的趋势的结论.并提出合理调配用水量、在湖周边保持适量的湿地、利用外力加速水质的循环等对策和建议.