水培彩叶草抑制藻类繁殖的试验研究

通过人为控制光照、温度和培养液体积栽种水培彩叶草(简称彩叶草),并对彩叶草的抑藻能力进行测定,分析了彩叶草抑藻过程中营养物质浓度变化,并与凤眼莲的抑藻效果进行对比.结果表明,在不同培养条件下,彩叶草均能明显抑制藻类的过度生长;在保持培养液营养物质自然变化的条件下,栽种彩叶草与不栽种彩叶草培养液的营养物质浓度均直线下降,...     

Fenton试剂对富营养化湖水黑臭的氧化降解作用

通过室内实验,研究Fenton试剂对富营养化水体黑臭物质氧化降解作用。实验结果表明,在黑臭的富营养化水中投加Fenton试剂20 min后,水体臭味明显降低,90 min后水体臭味全部消除;水体浊度、色度有显著改善,水体浊度、色度去除率分别达73.73%和93.11%,显著高于对照组的53.4%和22%;水体溶解氧量显著提高;水体的pH值保持在7左右。鱼类毒理实验结果表明,最佳剂量的Fenton试剂对实验鱼类无急性毒性作用。     

鄱阳湖枯水期水体营养浓度及重金属含量分布研究

通过监测鄱阳湖枯水期的主湖区、五河入湖口以及碟形湖表层水体氮、磷等营养浓度以及重金属含量变化,对鄱阳湖全湖的营养状况以及重金属污染现状进行了系统分析。结果表明：2010年枯水期的鄱阳湖流域表层水体总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等含量较高,达富营养化水平,湖泊水质受总氮、氨态氮、总磷和pH的影响较大。且鄱阳湖水域的氮、磷等营养存在明显的空间差异。研究结果进一步显示,饶河入湖口水体N、P污染最严重（TN 314 mg/L;TP 025 mg/L）,修河入湖口污染程度次之（TN 134 mg/L;TP 009 mg/L）,而南矶山碟形湖水体污染最小（TN 049 mg/L;TP 005 mg/L）。鄱阳湖表层水体重金属Pb、Cd的含量较低,符合国家渔业水质标准要求,尤其是湖泊Cd含量低于地表水Ｉ类标准。但鄱阳湖流域Cu、Zn污染较严重     

典型湖库富营养化的模糊综合评价研究

随着氮磷等营养盐类的不断排入湖库中,导致了水体的富营养化,使得水体透明度下降,产生异味,对人们的身体健康造成威胁。通过采用合适的水体富营养化评价模型,可以对水体的污染现状进行评价,得出正确的结论,以便采用适当的处理方式及时处理富营养化状况,减少对水环境和人体健康的危害。采用模糊综合评价法,将评价指标进行层次分析,并根据指标的相互关系,确定了各指标的权重,建立了模糊综合评价的数学模型。最终根据建立的评价指标体系、确定的评价标准和实测的湖库（巢湖、洱海和微山湖等）水质资料,得到了我国典型湖库的富营养化评价结论。评价结果与实际状况相吻合,说明该模型适合广泛应用     

Pairing Modern and Paleolimnological Approaches to Evaluate the Nutrient Status of Lakes in Upper Midwest National Parks

Understanding what constitutes a reference (background) nutrient condition for lakes is important for National Park Service managers responsible for preserving and protecting aquatic resources. For this study we characterize water quality conditions in 29 lakes across four national parks, and compare their nutrient status to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) nutrient reference criteria and alternative criteria recently proposed by others. Where appropriate we also compare the nutrient status of these 29 lakes to state or tribal nutrient reference criteria or standards. For lakes that exceed reference criteria we investigate physical and chemical patterns, and for a subset of lakes compare modern nutrient conditions to paleolimnological (i.e., diatom‐inferred [DI]) nutrient reconstructions. Many lakes exceeded USEPA nutrient reference criteria, but met alternative less restrictive criteria. Modern nutrient conditions were also largely consistent with DI historic (pre‐1900) nutrient conditions. Lakes exceeding alternative nutrient criteria and with elevated nutrient levels relative to DI historic conditions were mostly small, shallow, and dystrophic; continued attention to their nutrient dynamics and biological response is warranted. Coupling modern and paleolimnological data offer an innovative and scientifically defensible approach to understand long‐term nutrient trends and provide greater context for comparison with reference conditions.     

The role of spring and rain floods in the development of zooplankton in beaver ponds

The role of spring floods as a factor determining the seasonal succession of zooplankton in beaver ponds is demonstrated. The absence of spring floods has an adverse effect on the zooplankton communities of beaver ponds. The taxonomic and trophic organization of communities becomes similar to that in areas exposed to anthropogenic imact. The rain floods in summer and autumn can return the system to early stages of seasonal succession.     

用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归趋

本文利用静态实验室水生微宇宙的方法研究了轻、中、重三类五种稀土混合物（La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Y）在富营养水体、底泥、浮萍、大型蚤、螺蛳和金鱼中的分布和富集。结果表明,稀土在水生微宇宙各组分中的分布和积累的趋势为轻稀土>中稀土>重稀土。稀土元素在水体中6h后基本趋于平衡,其大部分为底泥所吸附;不同生物对稀土的分布和富集存在着较大的差异,其趋势为浮萍>大型蚤>螺蛳>金鱼。     

INTEGRATION OF WATER QUALITY MODELING,REMOTE SENSING,AND GIS1

ABSTRACT: Water quality modeling has been developed for more than three quarters of a century, but is limited to the study of trends instead of making accurate short-term forecasts. A major barrier to water quality forecasting is the lack of an efficient system for water quality monitoring. Traditional water quality sampling is time-consuming, expensive, and can only be taken for small sizes. Remote sensing provides a new technique to monitor water quality repetitively for a large area. The objective of this research is to use remotely sensed data in a water quality model - QUAL2E - in a case study of the Te-Chi Reservoir in Taiwan. The water quality variables developed from the simulations are displayed in map form. The developed forecasting system is designed to predict water quality variables using remote sensing data as an input to initialize and update water quality conditions.     

太湖水体溶解性有机质荧光特征及其来源解析

利用三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)-平行因子分析(PARAFAC)技术,通过野外现场调查和室内模拟实验,分析富营养化湖泊(太湖)水体溶解性有机质(DOM)组成结构、分布规律及其来源,进一步研究藻类和水生植物残骸腐烂分解以及沉积物释放对水体DOM荧光组成特征的影响.结果表明:1太湖水体各个湖区DOM主要以类色氨酸物质(T1、T2峰)为主,竺山湾还存在类腐殖质和类富里酸物质,其荧光指数(f450/500)为1.53±0.06,接近陆源f450/500值(1.4),DOC浓度全湖最高((7.13±2.45)mg·L-1),兼具陆源与生物来源的双重特性.2太湖藻类DOM组成丰富,出现了7种荧光组分,主要为类腐殖质、类富里酸和类蛋白物质(包括类色氨酸和类酪氨酸),藻类腐烂分解后,紫外区类色氨酸T2峰和类酪氨酸B2峰消失,其他类蛋白物质和部分易降解的类富里酸物质向水体中释放,其中A峰和C峰所代表的类富里酸物质降解率较高,分别降解了70.3%和41.0%.3水生植物DOM以类腐殖酸物质为主,其残骸腐烂分解后DOM由陆源类腐殖质向类腐殖酸物质转化.4沉积物DOM出现了5类荧光峰,兼具外源污染的类富里酸荧光C峰和A峰,同时含有生物来源的B1、B2、T2类蛋白荧光峰,随其降解时间的增长,T2荧光峰消失,B1、B2荧光物质降解率分别高达86.5%和82.5%,而C峰和A峰分别上升25.1%和1.5%,沉积物降解过程中大量类蛋白物质向上覆水体中释放,同时部分类蛋白物质向着更稳定的类富里酸物质转化.因此,外源输入和内源负荷(藻类和水生植物残骸腐烂分解以及沉积物释放等)对湖泊水体DOM组成结构以及富营养化过程具有重要影响.     

湖泊沉积多指标记录的长寿湖近60年来营养化过程

长寿湖位于重庆市长寿区境内,是重庆市最大的湖泊旅游风景区和淡水鱼养殖基地之一。近年来,其营养化日趋严重。本文通过对有机质碳、氮含量、碳氮比值、有机质碳同位素等有机质指标的分析,结合~(137)Cs放射性核素定年,探讨了长寿湖近60年来有机质转化及营养演化过程。结果表明:长寿湖有机质主要来源于水生植物藻类,受陆源影响较小;湖泊环境演化分为两个截然不同的阶段:1980年以前,有机质碳、氮含量较低,C/N比值较小,有机质碳同位素值较大,暗示湖泊营养环境为贫营养化。1980年以后,有机质碳、氮含量较高,C/N比值较大,有机质碳同位素值偏负,说明湖泊已经处于营养化阶段,人为活动的增强及养殖业的发展是导致湖泊生产力增大的主要因素。长寿湖沉积物多指标忠实记录了湖泊环境的演化过程。