^15N isotope fractionation in an aquatic food chain： Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve） as an algal control agent

15N isotope tracer techniques and ecological modeling were adopted to investigate the fractionation of nitrogen,its uptake and transformation in algae and snail(Bellamya aeruginosa Reeve).Different algal species were found to differ in their uptake of nitrogen isotopes.Microcystis aeruginisa Ktz.demonstrated the greatest 15N accumulation capacity,with the natural variation in isotopic ratio(δ 15N) and the isotope fractionation factor(ε,‰) being the highest among the species investigated.The transformation and utilization of 15N by snails differed depending on the specific algae consumed(highest for Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick.,lowest for M.aeruginisa).When snails was seeded in the experimental pond,the algae population structure changed significantly,and total algal biomass as well as the concentration of all nitrogen species decreased,causing an increase in water transparency.A model,incorporating several chemical and biological parameters,was developed to predict algal biomass in an aquatic system when snails was present.The data collected during this investigation indicated that the gastropods such as snails could significantly impact biological community and water quality of small water bodies,suggesting a role for biological control of noxious algal blooms associated with eutrophication.     

湖库富营养化敏感分级水动力概率参数研究

鉴于按多年平均流量估计滞留时间进行富营养化敏感程度分类较为粗糙,在月平均尺度上,考虑径流量的概率分布,提出了滞留率、缓流率、倒灌保证率等新的水动力概率参数反映水体动力特征,使水体富营养化敏感程度的识别及分级建立在考虑年内变化及多年变化的基础之上,使之在敏感分级上有更高的分辨率.并以三峡水库为实例,进行了不同支流的水体水动力概率参数的计算.结果显示,不同支流水体间的敏感水动力概率参数有明显差别,依据水动力条件等因素对水体富营养化控制实施差别化管理是必要的.      

Long-term joint e ect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication a ect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0°C. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the e ect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint e ect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

近百年来滇南双龙水库沉积物中氮的赋存特征变化

为研究沉积物中氮形态及其质量分数对湖库水体富营养化的影响,在滇南双龙水库采集沉积柱样,分析TN、TIN（可转化态氮）、IEF-N（离子交换态氮）、WAEF-N（弱酸浸取态氮）、SAEF-N（强碱可浸取态氮）、SOEF-N（强氧化剂可浸取态氮）质量分数的剖面特征.通过Pearson相关、RDA（冗余分析）和回归分析探讨沉积物理化性质对氮迁移转化的影响,并结合TLI（综合营养状态指数）和ON（有机氮）指标评估水库氮引起的富营养化程度.结果表明:①柱芯（70 cm）的沉积年代为1871—2011年.②沉积物中w（TN）范围为0.832~5.744 mg/g,其中w（IEF-N）和w（SAEF-N）范围分别为0.027~0.142和0.033~0.131 mg/g,且随深度的增加均呈下降趋势;w（WAEF-N）和w（SOEF-N）范围分别为0.044~0.108和0.114~0.586 mg/g,且随深度的增加均波动变化.③单因子分析表明,各形态氮质量分数与粒度呈负相关,与w（TOC）呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,pH与各形态氮（WAEF-N除外）质量分数存在极显著负相关;综合因子分析表明,各形态氮质量分数主要受w（TOC）和pH共同作用.④污染评价结果表明,沉积物中w（TN）和w（ON）较高,双龙水库长期处于中度富营养化水平.研究显示,沉积物中TIN的迁移转化和外源氮的输入会引起水库上覆水中氮质量分数的增加,进而加剧水库富营养化,需重点关注沉积物中氮的内源性释放及流域土壤侵蚀引起的氮外源输入.      

基于B－P网络的水质营养状态评价模型及其效果检验

选取与ＴＳＩｃ为０，５０，１０相应的水质营养状态作为３个建模样本，以ｃｈｌ－ａ，ＴＰ，ＴＮ和ＳＤ４个水质参数作为样本的输入特征，建立了Ｂ－Ｐ网络的水质营养状态评价模型。该模型应用于全国３０个湖泊水质的营养状态评价，获得了较好的检验效果。     

三岔湖沉积物揭示的湖泊营养化进程与人类活动的关系

在210Pb和137Cs定年基础上,研究了三岔湖沉积物理化性质的垂直和水平变化格局,揭示了三岔湖沉积物的特性、沉积速率、碳氮磷变化格局与人类活动和湖泊富营养化进程的关系.三岔湖不同时期沉积物的TOC、TN、TP与三岔湖水质呈现同样的变化格局.建库初期三岔湖水质为贫营养状态,随着人类活动的加剧,水质不断恶化.沉积物的沉积速率和碳氮磷含量的变化与人类活动密切相关,工、农、渔业、旅游业等人类活动导致三岔湖湖泊营养化进程加快.控制人类活动的强度是改善湖泊水质的关键.网箱养殖是三岔湖沉积物中磷的最重要来源,停养后沉积物中磷含量的下降将是一个相当漫长的过程.     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake： A S-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus （TP） played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons （i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn）; COD （chemical oxygen demand） and BOD （biological oxygen demand） presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were obser,qed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans （transparency of water） and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phyto：plankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

海水水质富营养化评价的集对分析方法

建立了利用集对分析方法进行海水水质富营养化综合评价的新模型，并通过实例研究评价效果，与BP人工神经网络方法比较，集对分析方法评价模型严谨，评价结果合理、精细、分辨率高，取得了满意的结果，为海水环境质量综合评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法。     

基于Copula函数的水体富营养化联合风险概率研究

为了分析小型人工湖水体富营养化指标联合风险发生的概率,基于Copula函数的基本原理,结合眉湖水体富营养化模型模拟结果,建立了水体富营养化指标的边缘分布及Copula函数联合概率分布.通过Copula函数拟合检验和拟合优度评价筛选出不同组合方式下最优的Copula函数,并根据最优的Copula函数计算出水体富营养化指标的二维和三维联合风险概率.结果表明,不同组合方式下水体富营养化指标达到不同富营养化状态时的联合风险概率区别较大;当Chl-a和COD都为轻度富营养时,二维联合风险概率最大为62.29%,说明这种组合方式下眉湖水体极易发生轻度富营养;当Chl-a和COD都为轻度富营养、TN为中度富营养时,三维联合风险概率最大为45.46%,说明这种组合方式下眉湖水体极易发生中度富营养;由于受到水体富营养化指标监测系列的影响,部分二维和三维联合风险概率较小甚至为零.     

成都犀池拟浮丝藻水华成因探析

拟浮丝藻是我国水华蓝藻的一个新记录属,我国对此类水华缺乏研究,成都也未曾有此类报道。2008年7~8月,在原成都世界乐园犀池内首次暴发了大规模拟浮丝藻水华。为了解犀池拟浮丝藻水华的成因,对犀池2007~2008年监测资料进行了分析,研究表明:犀池富营养化正以每年平均8.1%的速率不断加剧,大规模发生拟浮丝藻水华的营养指数临界值为85,水温为25℃~30℃,pH=8.2~8.8,较小的氮磷比值(TN∶TP=10)有利于拟浮丝藻水华生长。