敦煌地区干热与干冷环境特征研究

目的 建立大气环境干热、干冷环境特征的表征方法,以便定量表征大气环境干热、干冷的严酷性,为高分子材料及产品在该地区的老化试验与评估提供参考。方法 设置温度-相对湿度组合为临界值,统计给定时期内温度高于临界温度、相对湿度低于临界相对湿度的时间为干热时间,统计给定时间内温度低于临界温度、相对湿度低于临界相对湿度的时间为干冷时间,并以干热时间、干冷时间占给定时期总时间的百分比来表征干热、干冷环境特征,研究临界条件、数据间隔时间对干热、干冷特征的影响。结果 以25 ℃RH40%、5 ℃ RH40%为临界条件分别统计干热时间和干冷时间的月、年百分比,可表征大气环境的干热、干冷特征。敦煌6、7月份为干热严酷月,月干热时间百分比超过40%,1、2月份为干冷严酷月,月干冷时间百分比可超过70%。结论 临界温度、临界相对湿度、统计年份、数据间隔时间等对统计结果有较大的影响。     

储罐两环段喷淋圈管对供给强度的影响

国内储罐火灾爆炸事故时有发生,储罐消防冷却系统实施有效的冷却是控制火势和扑救初期火灾的主要因素之一。为了研究油罐消防喷淋系统在灭后冷却中的影响,本文选取4座5×10~3内浮顶罐组,开展消防冷却水系统喷洒实验,通过测试分析发现:实际的冷却水供给强度不满足规范的要求,并探讨了储罐固定冷却水系统供给强度不足的原因,结合分析的原因建议对规范中着火罐和临近罐供水强度要求统一均为2.5 L/(min·m^2),其冷却水喷淋圈管设置应为四段以上。     

感温自启动灭火管系统应用于密闭空间的试验研究

为了对比Novec 1230（全氟己酮）感温自启动灭火管系统与R236fa（六氟丙烷）感温自启动灭火管系统的灭火效率,采用火灾实体试验的方法,分析了不充压,0.88,1.81 MPa下2系统的灭火时间、破裂动作温度及降温冷却效果。研究结果表明:2种灭火管系统都成功灭火,且 R236fa灭火管系统灭火时间更短;2种灭火管系统的破裂动作温度均在80 ℃以上;不充压和0.88 MPa时,2种灭火管系统降温冷却效果相差不大,但充压1.81 MPa时Novec 1230灭火管系统对环境温度的降温冷却作用更强。     

Investigation of activated carbon/ethanol for low temperature adsorption cooling

Commercially available adsorption cooling systems use water/silica gel, water/zeolite and ammonia/ chloride salts working pairs. The water-based pairs are limited to work above 0°C due to the water high freezing temperature, while ammonia has the disadvantage of being toxic. Ethanol is a promising refrigerant due to its low freezing point (161 K), nontoxicity, zero ozone depletion, and low global warming potential. Activated carbon (AC) is a porous material with high degree of porosity (500–3000 m²/g) that has been used in wide range of applications. Using Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) test facility, this work characterizes the ethanol adsorption of eleven commercially available activated carbon materials for cooling at low temperature of ?15°C. DVS adsorption results show that Maxsorb has the best performance in terms of ethanol uptake and adsorption kinetics compared to the other tested materials. The Maxsorb/ethanol adsorption process has been numerically modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and simulation results are validated using the DVS experimental measurements. The validated CFD simulation of the adsorption process is used to predict the effects of adsorbent layer thickness and packing density on cycle uptake for evaporating temperature of ?15°C. Simulation results show that as the thickness of the Maxsorb adsorbent layer increases, its uptake decreases. As for the packing density, the amount of ethanol adsorbed per plate increases with the packing density reaching maximum at 750 kg/m³. This work shows the potential of using Maxsorb/ethanol in producing low temperature cooling down to ?15°C with specific cooling energy reaching 400 kJ/kg.     

水泥立窑湿式除尘高温轴流通风机的开发与应用

介绍一种用于高温、高湿、高粉尘气体的高温轴流通风机,该风机采用水冷却、润滑、皮带保护、清灰门等结构,具有直径大、大风量、低压的特点。     

循环冷却水处理中臭氧的阻垢作用

试验研究了臭氧在循环冷却水处理中的阻垢作用。结果表明,臭氧可以氧化有机物生成二氧化碳,循环冷却水中二氧化碳浓度的增加,可以使碳酸钙转化为碳酸氢钙,增加了Ca2+浓度。同时,臭氧与某些能和Ca2+发生配位作用的物质发生氧化还原反应,造成体系中醛基和羧基的总数增加,使水对钙的配位能力增强,致使水中的Ca2+浓度增加,从而产生一定的阻垢效果。     

冷却圆筒高温烟气伤人事故原因分析、安全评价与对策

对第二烧结厂冷筒高温烟气伤人事故原因进行了详细分析 ,并对冷筒作业环境的危险性作了定量评价 ,最后在分析与评价的基础上 ,提出了相应的安全措施     

升—降温全过程中约束钢梁的有限元与试验分析

以轴向支撑连接方式,利用自制的加热炉对约束钢梁进行了升—降温全过程的试验研究。重点研究了钢梁的跨中挠度随温度变化的规律,以及梁端不同轴向支撑刚度和钢柱不同轴压比条件下约束钢梁的屈曲模式及其梁端轴向支撑的破坏形态。基于ANSYS有限元软件,采用温度场和结构耦合中的间接法,对升-降温全过程中的约束钢梁进行了有限元分析。数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型和参数设置的合理性。根据对比分析,讨论了我国现行钢结构防火技术规范中存在的关键问题,特别提出了钢结构抗火设计应有的内涵,为钢结构抗火研究提供了新的思路。     

Cooling Suits,Physiological Response,and Task Performance in Hot Environments for the Power Industry

Heat stress on workers working outdoors in the power industry may result in fatigue and deterioration in task performance. This research collected and analyzed data on task performance of workers working indoors and outdoors with and without a cooling suit. The task performance was compared on the basis of heart rate, oxygen consumption, tympanic temperature, subjective responses, productivity, and error rates. Based on One-Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) results, a significantly lower estimated working oxygen consumption was observed (p < .001) when the cooling suit was worn. The productivity was higher while workers wore the cooling suit as compared to no cooling suit (p = .011) whereas the error rates were significantly lower(p < .001). Also a significantly lower self-reported discomfort was observed in the neck and shoulders while working wearing the cooling suit (p = .004). This study concluded that wearing a cooling suit while working outdoors was associated with physiological benefits as well as improved task performance of the study participants.     

环保型阻垢剂的研究进展

介绍了近年来循环冷却水系统中环保型阻垢剂的研究进展。重点阐述了价廉无污染的淀粉、单宁、木质素、纤维素、壳聚糖和腐植酸钠等天然高分子环保型阻垢剂,以及目前广泛应用的共聚物类的环保型阻垢剂和聚环氧琥珀酸、聚天冬氨酸、S-羧乙基硫代琥珀酸等新型环保型阻垢剂的阻垢性能和环境降解性能,并对这些阻垢剂的应用现状进行了阐述。而改性和复配是环保型阻垢剂的发展趋势。