2001年6-9月国内环境事件数据

简要统计了2001年6-9月国内发生的各种环境事件,包括沙尘天气、污染事件、山体滑坡和泥石流、虫害、自然灾害以及其他环境事件。     

危险化学品公路运输事故新特点及对策研究

统计分析了2008年1月～2010年5月我国发生的485起危险化学品公路运输事故。从事故发生的原因、事故涉及的化学品、事故造成的危害、事故发生的月份分布及年份变化等几个方面,分析了近年来危险化学品公路运输事故的新特点及变化规律。经统计分析,道路交通事故是引发危险化学品运输事故的主要原因之一;侧翻是危险化学品车辆最容易发生的道路交通事故;而随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展,追尾造成的危险化学品运输事故数量呈上升趋势;危险化学品公路运输过程中易燃液体事故起数最多,爆炸品和毒性物质事故造成的人员伤亡最严重;春节前后取代夏季,成为近两年危险化学品运输事故高发期。针对这些特点,对我国危险化学品公路运输安全管理与监控提出了建议。     

Urban disaster recovery: a measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake

This paper provides a framework for assessing empirical patterns of urban disaster recovery through the use of statistical indicators. Such a framework is needed to develop systematic knowledge on how cities recover from disasters. The proposed framework addresses such issues as defining recovery, filtering out exogenous influences unrelated to the disaster, and making comparisons across disparate areas or events. It is applied to document how Kobe City, Japan, recovered from the catastrophic 1995 earthquake. Findings indicate that while aggregate population regained pre‐disaster levels in ten years, population had shifted away from the older urban core. Economic recovery was characterised by a three to four year temporary boost in reconstruction activities, followed by settlement at a level some ten per cent below pre‐disaster levels. Other long‐term effects included substantial losses of port activity and sectoral shifts toward services and large businesses. These patterns of change and disparity generally accelerated pre‐disaster trends.     

Predicted uranium and radon concentrations in New Hampshire (USA) groundwater—Using Multi Order Hydrologic Position as predictors

Two radioactive elements, uranium (U) and radon (Rn), which are of potential concern in New Hampshire (NH) groundwater, are investigated. Exceedance probability maps are tools to highlight locations where the concentrations of undesirable substances in the groundwater may be elevated. Two forms of statistical analysis are used to create exceedance probability maps for U and Rn in NH groundwater. The first, Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), was selected for estimating U exceedance values. It computes exceedance values directly using the Bernoulli distribution function. The second method of statistical analysis used for Rn to determine exceedance probabilities is ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. In the process of determining exceedance probabilities for U and Rn, the utility of a new dataset is investigated. That new predictor dataset is the Multi-Order Hydrologic Position (MOHP) dataset. MOHP raster datasets have been produced nationally for the conterminous United States at a 30-m resolution. The concept behind MOHP is that, for any given point on the earth's surface, there is the potential for a longer groundwater flow path as one goes deeper beneath the land surface. MOHP predictors were tested in both models. Three MOHP predictors were found useful in the BRT model and two in the OLS model. MOHP data were found useful as predictors along with other site characteristics in predicting U and Rn exceedance probabilities in New Hampshire groundwater.     

2003年9-12月国内环境事件数据

简要统计了2003年9-12月国内发生的各种环境事件91件,包括沙尘天气(3件)、污染事件(29件)、山体滑坡和泥石流(17件)、地震(14件)、虫害(7件)以及其他自然灾害(22件).最后对自然灾害进行了讨论.     

Development of a theoretical framework for the evaluation of risk connected to accidental oxygen releases

A short-cut methodology for a fast estimation of hazards from oxygen releases and the evaluation of safety distances is presented. Starting from a historical survey on accidents involving oxygen releases and consequent scenarios, the approach includes analytical models for the quantification of incremental hazards due to oxygen releases, in non-obstructed areas, both for continuous and nearly instantaneous scenarios, adopting a simple Gaussian dispersion model. An example of the application of the model in a real case-study and relevant quantitative results are presented.     

沈阳浑河冲洪积扇土壤的重金属空间分布特征及来源

以沈阳市浑河冲洪积扇下游的彰驿站镇为研究区,实测分析了98个土壤表层(0~20 cm)样品中的w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Mn)、w(Ni)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Fe)、w(Hg)、w(As)和w(Cd),运用地统计学空间分析与多元统计源分析相结合的方法,对土壤中各重金属的质量分数、分布特征及其来源进行研究. 结果表明:除w(As)外,其余重金属的质量分数均超过辽宁省土壤中相应重金属的背景值,其中Hg和Cd积累最为显著,w(Hg)和w(Cd)分别是其相应背景值的2.33和5.44倍,对应的采样点中高于背景值的比例均接近100%,呈明显累积趋势. 地统计学空间分析表明,w(Ni)、w(Cr)和w(Fe)受土壤母质、地形等结构性变异主导,其他重金属质量分数主要受人为活动等随机因子的影响,w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Hg)和w(Cd)分布规律比较相似,元素来源较为集中;10种重金属元素的来源可分为3类,其中Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn主要受自然因素的影响,Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd主要受人为因素的影响,而Cu和As受2种因素的协同影响.      

植物病原细菌的BIOLOG系统鉴定及其多元统计初析

Ｂｉｏｌｏｇ细菌鉴定系统已广泛应用于细菌快速鉴定 ,通过比较菌株碳源利用的代谢指纹 ,还可用于细菌分类研究[1～ 4 \〗.该系统具有自动化和标准化程度高、结果快速准确和操作简便等优点 ,它主要根据细菌对 95种碳源的利用情况 ,以四唑紫 (Ｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍ)为指示剂 ,Ｂｉｏｌｏｇ代谢指纹经计算机处理并与数据库内已知细菌比较 ,实现对待测菌的快速鉴定 .Ｂｉｏｌｏｇ系统用于细菌分类研究中 ,除已广泛采用聚类分析并以树状图表示菌株间的相似关系外 ,近年来 ,国外许多学者已应用多元统计方法 (主成分分析、因子分析和方差分析 )…     

对全国环境统计软件审核模块功能的改进

针对国家环境统计软件数据审核功能的不足,利用Visual Foxpro数据库语言编制环境统计数据审核软件,改进数据审核模块功能,有效的提高了审核效率和数据的准确性,在环境数据统计实际应用中取得较好的效果.     

关于加强非煤矿山安全监管工作的研究与思考(一)

用大量详实的统计数据全面介绍了我国非煤矿山安全生产的现状,在此基础上,从政府监管、企业管理、社会中介服务3个层面系统分析了我国非煤矿山安全生产工作中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了对策措施.