利用统计控制图法对水质中铅的不确定度评定研究

目前环境监测领域采用的不确定度的评定方法基本上都是ISO／IECGUM（JJF1059）的方法,这种bot-tom—up方法比较繁琐,容易遗漏重叠分量,一致性也较差。本文使用Top-down不确定度的评定方法一控制图法对不确定度进行评定,该方法主要是应用实验室的质控数据及能力验证、环境标准样品定值等数据。利用AD统计法和绘制移动极差控制图确保质控数据排列处于随机状态和独立性的特点,建立控制图,评定不确定度的过程。     

基于控制图法的苯测量不确定度评定

本文采用top—down技术之控制图法进行气相色谱法测定苯的不确定度评定。该方法应用实验室长期积累的质控数据,利用A—D统计法检验质控数据的随机性和独立性,从而建立移动极差控制图,评定测量不确定度。相比传统的不确定度评定方法（ISO／IECGUM）步骤简单,避免了不确定度分量遗漏、重复或难以量化的问题。使监测数据更加客观可信。     

结构抗震设计中地震动参数选取的几个基本问题

以“小震”名义对设防烈度的折减与老规范用“结构系数”如何确定地震作用是抗震设计的重要环节。自1989版抗震设计规范引入分级超越概率后,同一设防烈度对应多值描述,给正确理解和应用带来困难。梳理了地震作用取值的发展沿革,展示了规范更新并未打破地震作用取值的连贯性,折减效果相当。作为案例应用,指出地震模拟实验中振动台对容纳其厂房的地震作用幅值上限是明确的,不存在超越概率问题。结合对实际震害的思考,指出抗震概念设计远比计算分析重要。     

Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of a 20‐Year Record of Landsat‐Based Water Clarity in Minnesota's 10,000 Lakes

A large 20‐year database on water clarity for all Minnesota lakes ≥8 ha was analyzed statistically for spatial distributions, temporal trends, and relationships with in‐lake and watershed factors that potentially affect lake clarity. The database includes Landsat‐based water clarity estimates expressed in terms of Secchi depth (SD_Landsat), an integrative measure of water quality, for more than 10,500 lakes for time periods centered around 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. Minnesota lake clarity is lower (more turbid) in the south and southwest and clearer in the north and northeast; this pattern is evident at the levels of individual lakes and ecoregions. Temporal trends in clarity were detected in ~11% of the lakes: 4.6% had improving clarity and 6.2% had decreasing clarity. Ecoregions in southern and western Minnesota, where agriculture is the predominant land use, had higher percentages of lakes with decreasing clarity than the rest of the state, and small and shallow lakes had higher percentages of decreasing clarity trends than large and deep lakes. The mean SD_Landsat statewide remained stable from 1985 to 2005 but decreased in ecoregions dominated by agricultural land use. Deep lakes had higher clarity than shallow lakes statewide and for lakes grouped by land cover. SD_Landsat decreased as the percentage of agriculture and/or urban area increased at county and catchment levels and it increased with increasing forested land.     

The effect of wind direction on ozone levels: a case study

This paper provides an illustrative case study on how the wind direction plays an important role in determining the ozone levels, in a suburb of Houston. Circular correlation and circular regression methods are used in the analysis and the primary goal is to illustrate how circular data analytic methods help in analyzing certain environmental issues. Received: August 2003/Revised: June 2004     

应用数理统计法评价污水去除率

确切的评价污水去除率是界定污水处理效果的依据,本文将数理统计法应用于污水去除率评价中,建立了一种较为科学的定量评价方法,同时还引入了总量监测的内涵.     

基于Excel软件流程化输出环境空气质量指数(AQI)功能实现的研究

随着环境空气质量标准的全面实施,数据的有效性和准确性得到了极大关注.空气质量指数以数值的形式表述空气质量状况、便于公众简明、清楚地了解空气质量的优劣程度,及时、准确的向公众提供易于理解的当地空气质量状况.基于EXCEL软件计算环境空气质量指数(AQI)的方法有助于AQI算法在基础应用层面的实现,也有助于验证开发技术软件平台中涉及的数据统计算法的准确性.本文以苏州市环境空气监测数据为例,实现了基于EXCEL软件的AQI计算,供相关从业人员参考.     

2019年3-4月国内环境事件

LI Sheng-cai;AN Ying(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)     

大气扩散模型统计性确认评估

使用计算模型预测物理过程之前,必须对该计算模型进行论证,确认评估通过后才能用于物理状态和过程的计算和预测。讨论了基于数据统计属性的确认评估对面向大气扩散物理现象的计算模型之适用性;探究了模型评估工作的基本内容、关键概念和通用原则;给出了确认评估参数的定义、选择原则及示例;分析了评估度量指标的内涵和适用条件;探讨了可接受模型需要满足的指标准则及统计性确认评估指标的选用;最后,指出了基于统计度量的确认评估方法的改进方向。扩散模型评估理论的探讨有助于提高基于模型仿真的大气扩散研究的准确性,也有利于高精度模型和基准试验的设计、开发与遴选。