领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为的结构方程模型

为了提高矿工的安全行为,在相关研究基础上,提出领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为之间的理论假设模型。依据436份来自矿工的有效问卷,利用结构方程模型方法验证假设。结果表明:领导行为、安全文化对于安全行为具有一定的预测力和影响力,领导行为不仅对安全文化有直接影响,也通过安全文化间接影响安全行为;交易型领导对安全行为的整体影响强度高于变革型领导;变革型领导和交易型领导对安全文化各维度均有显著的正向影响关系;安全文化中除安全规程和安全培训对安全参与行为预测力不足外,其余维度均对安全遵守行为和安全参与行为有显著的正向影响关系。     

常规净水工艺对猛水蚤的去除机理及效果

为实现对桡足类生物泄露风险的高效控制,以猛水蚤为研究对象,开展了常规净水工艺对桡足类生物的去除作用机理及效果研究,重点研究了猛水蚤去除与絮体颗粒形态特性关系和在石英砂滤床的分布规律.结果表明:优化操作条件下,混凝沉淀和过滤对猛水蚤去除率均可达99%,最佳工况包括快速搅拌300 r/min(1min)、中速搅拌150 r/min(5min)和低速搅拌75 r/min(5min),聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量10 mg/L,沉淀时间0.5h,滤速9m/h,过滤周期1d.混凝对猛水蚤的去除效率主要决定于猛水蚤与絮体的有效吸附,絮体颗粒粒径越大、分形维数越低,猛水蚤去除率越高;过滤水冲刷携带引起的被动迁移,是导致猛水蚤穿透砂滤池的主要原因,适当降低滤速和缩短过滤周期,控制猛水蚤被动迁移规模,可以达到提高猛水蚤去除率效果.     

煤矿企业对安全创造效益认知水平的测量结果与分析

为探讨煤矿企业对安全创造效益认知水平的现状,为企业的安全投入提供方向和思路参考,通过测量国内7个煤炭集团的34个样本煤矿的安全文化水平量值,利用SPSS软件对测量数据进行分析。结果表明,样本煤矿企业在"安全创造经济效益"方面的总体量值水平约占世界较好企业的94%,相差5.6分;四类人员总体平均值都低于世界较好企业,分别相差4.176分、3.521分、7.265分和5.859分;"安全创造经济效益"与"伤亡事故可预防程度"和"安全部门的工作"非常显著相关;安全业绩和安全文化元素得分方面呈现一定的正相关关系。     

建筑企业安全文化对安全绩效影响的实证研究

基于安全文化在建筑业安全管理中的重要性越来越突出,因此安全文化对于提高安全绩效,减少建筑业事故发生率的作用日益得到重视。文中进行实证研究,探讨建筑企业安全文化对安全绩效的影响。安全文化的维度为安全制度文化、安全物质文化和安全观念文化,研究结果表明,安全制度文化、安全物质文化和安全观念文化均有助于安全绩效提高,研究结果可在一定程度上促使建筑企业重视并自觉改善安全文化,有助于减少建筑业安全事故发生率,提升安全绩效。     

土壤中两种手性有机氯农药的选择性降解研究

为了更深入的了解和阐释手性有机氯农药在土壤中的转化和环境归趋,采用实验室室内避光培养方法,研究了o,p＇-DDT及o,p＇-DDD 2种手性有机氯农药的外消旋体在水稻土厌氧培养体系和菜园土好氧培养体系中的选择性降解情况。为了更好的利用土壤中土著微生物的活性,我们选择了厌氧微生物比较丰富的水稻土和好氧微生物丰度比较高的菜园土来做培养实验。结果表明实验体系中o,p＇-DDT及o,p＇-DDD在水稻土和菜园土中的降解均没有明显的对映体选择性。这一结果与2种手性化合物不同对映体在自然环境中的含量普遍具有差异性有所不同,说明野外环境条件和室内模拟实验条件的差异会影响手性化合物的降解选择性。在2种体系中,o,p＇-DDT的降解速率均高于o,p＇-DDD的降解速率。这与以前的研究报道一致,DDD比DDT更难降解。通过2个体系的比较,发现DDT的降解速率在厌氧体系中高于好氧体系,而DDD的降解速率与之相反,好氧体系高于厌氧体系。这应该与DDT和DDD 2种化合物的化学结构及2种土壤中微生物群落的差异有关。对于厌氧体系中的2种水稻土,采自中山的水稻土中DDT的降解速率高于江门的水稻土,这应该与中山水稻土有机质含量高于江门的水稻土有关。有机质含量的高低直接反映了土壤中微生物的多少,进而会影响污染物的降解速率。研究发现本实验所用水稻土和菜园土总有机碳含量偏低可能是影响2种化合物的对映体无降解选择性的因素之一。此外,由于本研究采用缓冲溶液将pH 调控在中性,因此本文的土壤 pH 对降解选择性的影响仍有待进一步研究。本研究中好氧体系和厌氧体系对目标物的降解选择性无明显差异。     

《名古屋议定书》政府间委员会(ICNP)议题谈判成效

《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第10次会议(COP-10)决定设立名古屋议定书政府间委员会(ICNP),主要负责《关于遗传资源获取与惠益分享(ABS)的名古屋议定书》(简称《议定书》)缔约方大会第1次会议(COP/MOP-1)的筹备工作。2011年6月、2012年7月和2014年2月,分别在加拿大、印度和韩国共召开了3次会议。会议对《议定书》生效和执行将面临的问题开展了讨论。通过详细梳理不同缔约方与其它国家政府对两年期方案预算、COP/MOP议事规则、COP/MOP-1临时议程草案、全球多边惠益分享机制、ABS信息交换所、能力建设、意识提高、遵约程序和机制、监测与报告以及示范合同条款等主要议题所持观点,总结了会议的进展动态,综合分析了各议题的谈判成效,深入探讨了名古屋议定书委员会对《议定书》生效和执行的积极作用以及面临的挑战。     

Parsing organizational culture: How the norm for adaptability influences the relationship between culture consensus and financial performance in high‐technology firms

The relationship between organizational culture and financial performance remains elusive even though researchers have studied it for some time. Early research suggested that a strong culture that aligns members' behavior with organizational objectives boosts financial performance. A more recent view is that, because strong cultures promote adherence to routines and behavioral uniformity, they are less effective in dynamic environments. We suggest that the relationship between culture and performance can be reconciled by recognizing that culture encompasses three components: (1) the content of norms (norm content); (2) how widely members agree about norms (culture consensus); and (3) how intensely organizational members hold particular norms (norm intensity). We hypothesize that “strong cultures”—where a high consensus exists among members across a broad set of culture norms—can contribute to better financial performance even in dynamic environments if norm content intensely emphasizes adaptability. We test this hypothesis in a sample of large firms in the high‐technology industry. Firms characterized by higher culture consensus and intensity about adaptability performed better three years later than did those characterized by lower consensus, lower intensity about adaptability, or both. We discuss how parsing culture into content, consensus, and intensity advances theoretical and empirical understanding of the culture–performance relationship. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业安全文化的结构层次初探

介绍了企业安全文化的概念,探讨了企业安全文化在企业安全管理中的重要地位,提出了企业安全文化的层次结构模型。     

Effects of arsenic on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in tomato plants

In this study, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the induction of oxidative stress, and the response of the antioxidative system in hydroponically grown tomato plants as the cause of arsenic-induced phytotoxicity are investigated. Reduction in plant growth was measured in terms of dry weight and length of roots and shoots, the latter accumulating more arsenic than the roots. The treatment resulted in increased formation of superoxide anion (O₂^.?), H₂O₂, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which indicate augmented lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase activities were increased in arsenic-treated tomato plants while CAT activity was insignificantly increased.     

The use of the embryo‐culture techniques in the research on the Teratogenic and Mutagenic properties of metals†

Actually, embryos can be cultured from the one‐cell stage up to the blastocyst stage, and their development can be easily monitored at any time: severe effects caused by toxic compounds are traduced by rapid embryonic death, less pronounced effects can be expressed by a lowered cleavage activity or by an arrest of the development from a particular stage. The system can be improved by transferring the embryos at the blastocyst stage in another more complete medium where they can “implant”; and form an inner cell mass with differentiated ectoderm and endoderm. Since last years, it has also become possible to culture postimplantation rodent embryos for short periods involving a number of particularly critical stages of organogenesis, such as the formation and closure of the anterior neuropore. Embryo‐culture also represents a useful system to study cytogenetic effects of chemicals which are often linked to lethal or teratogenic effects. These different possibilities are illustrated by examples of studies already performed with metals, and dealing with their teratogenic and/or cytogenetic effects on pre‐ and postimplantation rodents.