The metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by soil enrichment cultures,and the bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting properties of the cultured isolates

A soil enrichment culture (SEC) rapidly degraded 96% of 200 mg L^?1 neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam (TMX) in MSM broth within 30 d; therefore, its metabolic pathway of TMX, bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities of the cultured isolates were studied. The SEC transformed TMX via the nitro reduction pathway to form nitrso, urea metabolites and via cleavage of the oxadiazine cycle to form a new metabolite, hydroxyl CLO‐tri. In addition, 16S rRNA gene‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that uncultured rhizobacteria are predominant in the SEC broth and that 77.8% of the identified bacteria belonged to uncultured bacteria. A total of 31 cultured bacterial strains including six genera (Achromobacter, Agromyces, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Microbacterium and Pseudoxanthomonas) were isolated from the SEC broth. The 12 strains of Ensifer adhaerens have the ability to degrade TMX. All six selected bacteria showed PGPR activities. E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Agromyces mediolanus TMX‐25 produced indole‐3‐acetic acid, whereas E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Mesorhizobium alhagi TMX‐36 are N₂‐fixing bacteria. The six‐isolated microbes were tolerant to 200 mg L^?1 TMX, and the growth of E. adhaerens was significantly enhanced by TMX, whereas that of Achromobacter sp. TMX‐5 and Microbacterium sp.TMX‐6 were enhanced slightly. The present study will help to explain the fate of TMX in the environment and its microbial degradation mechanism, as well as to facilitate future investigations of the mechanism through which TMX enhances plant vigor.     

Cultural Erosion and Biodiversity: Canoe-Making Knowledge in Pohnpei, Micronesia

Abstract:  Erosion of traditional knowledge and practice is a serious and accelerating problem, but quantitative work on traditional knowledge loss and its importance to biodiversity conservation is lacking. We investigated traditional knowledge of canoe making, a skill heavily dependent on plant biodiversity, on Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, through a survey of 180 island residents. Our results showed that there has been an intergenerational erosion of canoe-making skills. Given current trends, the present generation of Pohnpeians may be the last to retain any knowledge of this traditional craft. We also identified several correlates of knowledge loss—including Western educational level and occupation—that highlight potential avenues for skill conservation via governments, traditional leadership, and schools. These institutions could intervene to emphasize traditional knowledge, which would reinforce institutional contexts in which traditional knowledge and practice is valued. The heightened awareness of the value of biodiversity that is linked to traditional knowledge is key to biological conservation on Pohnpei and can help support local conservation programs.     

Proactive career behaviors and subjective career success: The moderating role of national culture

Although career proactivity has positive consequences for an individual's career success, studies mostly examine objective measures of success within single countries. This raises important questions about whether proactivity is equally beneficial for different aspects of subjective career success, and the extent to which these benefits extend across cultures. Drawing on Social Information Processing theory, we examined the relationship between proactive career behaviors and two aspects of subjective career success—financial success and work‐life balance—and the moderating role of national culture. We tested our hypotheses using multilevel analyses on a large‐scale sample of 11,892 employees from 22 countries covering nine of GLOBE's 10 cultural clusters. Although we found that proactive career behaviors were positively related to subjective financial success, this relationship was not significant for work‐life balance. Furthermore, career proactivity was relatively more important for subjective financial success in cultures with high in‐group collectivism, high power distance, and low uncertainty avoidance. For work‐life balance, career proactivity was relatively more important in cultures characterized by high in‐group collectivism and humane orientation. Our findings underline the need to treat subjective career success as a multidimensional construct and highlight the complex role of national culture in shaping the outcomes of career proactivity.     

Culture as trigger for sustainability transition in the water domain: the case of the Spanish water policy and the Ebro river basin

There is a mounting body of literature dealing generally with the dynamics of transitions of human systems towards sustainability and specifically with the different stages and processes of transitions. However, the question of why transition processes occur in the first place remains largely unexplained. This paper explores the concept of transition triggers, such as culture or material resource scarcity, and provides a theoretical framework to explain the emergence of a transition and its relation to recent developments in Spanish water policy. We adapt the general framework provided by current transition theory and gather empirical evidence and insights from processes occurring within the Spanish policy context and the Ebro river basin in particular. Our results show that the sole existence of biophysical limits to water use or development cannot explain the start of a possible sustainability transition in this domain in Spain. Changes in the existing water policies in the direction of sustainability were not ignited by people directly affected by water scarcities but by a coalition of sensitive agents, mostly from academia, NGOs and local constituencies, who managed to articulate new identities, integrate multiple sources of policy relevant knowledge, and develop new values under the umbrella of the new water culture movement.

突发疫情冲击下的中国安全文化

非典型肺炎在中国的传播 ,给中国的政治、经济和文化带来了不同程度的影响。笔者重点分析了“非典”疫情对我国安全文化的冲击 ,尽管安全文化在中国得到很快的发展 ,由于没有得到大力普及 ,以致类似“非典”等大型危害公共安全事件到来之时 ,还需要一段时间才能适应 ;首次分析了安全文化和危机管理之间的内在联系 ,安全文化和危机管理相互促进 ,共同发展 ,共同起作用 ;指出在国内应大力普及安全文化的宣传和教育 ,提高全民的安全意识和自我保护意识 ;创造适应新时代发展的新安全文化 ,建设我国安全文化大厦 ,是我国今后安全文化工作的重要任务。     

安全文化与企业文明施工的探讨

安全文化与企业文明施工是企业在生产经营中形成的思想观念体系，是企业职工整体的、综合素质的外化显现。施工现场能否文明施工，取决于人的行为、物的状态、环境的条件。安全文化是以人的管理为主体，以企业精神文明为核心，以职工群体的行为为基础。运用现代管理方法，把对人的管理与物的管理有机地结合起来，形成良好的经营运行机制，实现管理功能的整体优化。     

基于SMART原则的企业安全文化评价体系研究

为持续改进企业安全管理绩效,对安全文化的关键指标进行研究并量化处理,以期对建立我国企业安全文化评价体系有建设性作用。笔者运用SMART原则确定了从3个测量维度、5个方向、18个评价指标构建了企业安全文化评价体系,运用层次分析法,并采用问卷调查及专家系统确定各评价指标的评价权重,对企业的安全文化进行研究。其结果表明提高组织安全文化水平主要从提高安全行为在组织内的受重视程度和加强组织管理两个途径入手。安全文化评价指标体系是对被评价对象进行全面考察的工作蓝本,在明确评价目标的指导下,尽可能从多方位评价企业安全文化的各个方面,最终落实到安全文化的操作层面。     

新时期煤矿企业安全文化建设刍议

从煤炭行业的特殊性和煤矿企业管理的要求入手,分析煤矿企业管理与建设企业文化的关系以及企业文化与安全文化的关系,论述了煤矿企业安全文化建设的地位、作用和特征,提出煤矿企业安全文化建设的新思路、新观点,强调煤矿企业安全文化建设要着力解决的4个难题,设计了煤矿企业安全文化建设要认真推行的4个步骤。通过思路创新,建立长效机制,形成“人人要安全,人人抓安全、人人保安全”的良好氛围,促进煤矿安全生产状况的根本好转。     

浅谈企业安全文化

安全生产关系到国家和人民群众生命财产安全,关系到人民群众的切身利益,关系到改革开放、经济发展和社会稳定的大局。实现我国安全生产状况的根本好转,很重要的一项工作是要加强安全生产技能、法律法规的普及和安全生产宣传教育工作,提高全民的安全素质,提高全民的安全文化水平。本文在追溯我国安全文化渊源与发展的基础上,结合当代安全文化建设的需要,综合总结了安全文化建设的思路和方法,其目的在于通过安全文化工程提高安全素质,实现安全生产、安全生活,保障人民身心健康,促进社会经济持续发展。     

Development and initial validation of an Aviation Safety Climate Scale

PROBLEM: A need was identified for a consistent set of safety climate factors to provide a basis for aviation industry benchmarking. METHOD: Six broad safety climate themes were identified from the literature and consultations with industry safety experts. Items representing each of the themes were prepared and administered to 940 Australian commercial pilots. RESULTS: Data from half of the sample (N=468) were used in an exploratory factor analysis that produced a 3-factor model of Management commitment and communication, Safety training and equipment, and Maintenance. A confirmatory factor analysis on the remaining half of the sample showed the 3-factor model to be an adequate fit to the data. DISCUSSION: The results of this study have produced a scale of safety climate for aviation that is both reliable and valid. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This study developed a tool to assess the level of perceived safety climate, specifically of pilots, but may also, with minor modifications, be used to assess other groups' perceptions of safety climate.