新型生物絮凝剂的研究

本文对近两年来新型生物絮凝剂的研究报道进行了综述。这些新型生物絮凝剂的研究领域包括复合型生物絮凝剂的研制,微生物絮凝剂与其它絮凝剂的复配,微生物絮凝剂的生物学研究,以及微生物絮凝剂培养条件的优化等。并对今后生物絮凝刺的研发方向进行了展望。     

砗磲生长的影响因素及其人工培养研究进展

砗磲是世界上最大的双壳贝类,与虫黄藻共生,生长过程中受到多种自然环境因素的影响。近年来,由于人类的过度捕捞,砗磲数量骤减,对砗磲进行人工培养、繁育、放流,成为砗磲保护的重要工作之一。此外,砗磲碳酸盐壳体还是一种良好的高分辨率古气候研究载体,但其壳体地球化学指标的环境指示意义还存在较大争议,实验室培养也是探讨砗磲地球化学指标环境指示意义的有效途径之一。基于上述原因,近年来有不少研究开展了砗磲的培养试验,通过改变培养条件分析各种环境因子对砗磲生长及壳体地球化学特征的影响。本文就砗磲的培养方法、人工培养条件进行简要综述,并从温度、光照、盐度、p CO2、营养盐、金属离子等多个方面对人工培养条件下,砗磲生长的影响因素及其生理适应性机制进行总结分析,为后续砗磲的培养保护和地球化学研究提供参考。     

试论新时代应急文化体系建设

结合当前新冠肺炎重大公共卫生疫情的应对,从广义文化与应急一体化结合的视角探讨应急文化的概念和定义;应用一般文化学的"价值观收敛原理"和"目标偏离最小化原理",论述应急文化建设的功能作用;基于系统工程建模理论构建应急文化建设体系;最后,探讨分析应急文化建设的信念凝聚功能、精神激励功能、行为规范功能、工作动力功能、思想传播功能,以及应急观念文化建设和应急理念体系建设等内容。     

Traffic safety culture and prosocial driver behavior for safer vehicle-bicyclist interactions

Introduction: Bicyclist safety is a growing concern as more adults use this form of transportation for recreation, exercise, and mobility. Most bicyclist fatalities result from a crash with a vehicle. Often, the behaviors of the driver are responsible for the crash. Method: This survey study of Montana and North Dakota residents (n = 938) examined the influence of traffic safety culture on driver behaviors that affect safe interactions with bicyclists. Results: Prosocial driver behavior was most common and appeared to be intentional. Intention was increased by positive attitudes, normative perceptions, and perceived control. However, normative perceptions appear to offer the most opportunity for change. Practical Application: Strategies that increase perceptions that prosocial driver behavior is normal may increase prosocial intentions, thereby increasing bicyclist safety.     

Safety climate at agricultural cooperatives

Introduction: This study identifies determinants of safety climate at agricultural cooperatives. Methods: An extensive survey was designed to build upon past research done in collaboration with DuPont (Risch et al., 2014). In 2014 and 2015, the survey was administered to 1930 employees at 14 different agricultural cooperatives with 154 locations. Injury incidence data were also collected from each location to better understand the overall health and safety environment in this sector. An ordered probit model is used to identify variables that are associated with better safety climates. Results: Safety system components such as discipline programs, inspection programs, modified duty programs, off-the-job safety training programs, and recognition programs are positively related to individual safety climate for both managerial employees and nonmanagerial employees. Variables representing an employee’s agricultural background, distance between their workplace and childhood home, and formal education are not associated with managerial safety climate. However, agricultural background and childhood home distance are associated with nonmanagerial safety climate. Conclusions: Improving occupational health and safety is a priority for many agricultural cooperatives. Lower safety climate emerges as nonmanagerial employees have more experience with production agriculture and work nearer to their home community. Practical applications: Employees of agricultural cooperatives face a host of health and safety challenges that are likely to persist into the future. The safety system components associated with safety climate indicate that continuous feedback is important for improving occupational health and safety. Occupational health and safety programming should also acknowledge that many employees have experiences that influence their attitudes and behaviors.     

A meta-analytic test of the differential pathways linking ethical leadership to normative conduct

We test how ethical leadership influences normatively (in)appropriate work behavior through distinct mediating pathways, including one's exchange relationship with the leader, ethical culture, and identification with the organization. Our study also controls for transformational leadership as a predictor and trust in leader as a nonhypothesized alternative mechanism. We test our hypotheses using meta-analytic structural equation modeling based on our meta-analysis of 301 independent samples (N = 103,354) and relevant meta-analytic correlations reported in previous research. Supporting our prediction, we found that leader–member exchange, which represents social exchange theory, was the most potent mechanism that accounts for the positive relationship between ethical leadership and task performance. In contrast, ethical culture, which assesses a social learning mechanism, is the strongest predictor of counterproductive behavior. In addition, all three hypothesized mediators each contribute to understanding the positive relationship between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, although the indirect effect via organizational identification was the weakest. The findings hold after controlling for job satisfaction as another mediator parallel to the theoretical ones. Our results contribute to a precise theory about ethical leadership by differentiating the processes through which it affects employee behavior.     

建筑企业韧性安全文化实证研究

为探讨韧性安全文化及其指标对建筑企业安全绩效的作用,将安全文化理论与韧性工程理论相结合,对建筑企业韧性安全文化指标进行分析;利用扎根理论和问卷调查方法对建筑企业相关人员进行数据收集,采用偏最小二乘估计结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）对数据进行分析。结果表明:最高管理层承诺、公正文化、学习文化、意识和不透明性、准备、适应性6个指标可用于评估韧性安全文化,其中公正文化、学习文化、准备及适应性具有显著的正向作用,最高管理层承诺、意识和不透明性具有负向作用;研究结果对建筑企业安全文化建设具有指导价值。     

利用基因工程菌BL21处理有机磷混合农药废水的研究

研究了悬浮状态和固定化状态的基因工程菌BL21对有机磷混合农药废水的降解特性.工程菌能快速、高效地降解有机磷混合农药,其最适底物是对硫磷,而马拉硫磷不能被工程菌降解.不同农药降解速率的差别造成了不同有机磷农药的降解过程需要用不同的动力学模型来描述.比较固定化状态和悬浮状态的工程菌的降解效果可知,固定化工程菌的降解活性较后者明显降低,其比降解速率大约仅为后者的20%.考察固定化工程菌长期运行的效果,发现其降解活性保存良好,工程菌稳定性大大提高,未出现固定化细胞溶涨、破碎现象.固定化后,工程菌的比降解速率虽然比悬浮工程菌降低了,但固定化工程菌更适用于长期运行的废水处理系统.     

环境监测实验室文化的发展与构建小议

“实验室文化”是在一定的社会经济条件下,通过实验室特有的社会实践形成的,并为全体成员遵循的共同意识、价值观念、职业道德、行为规范和准则的总和,包括实验室精神文化、制度文化和物质文化三个层次。通过对实验室的干部职工关于实验室文化的调查和分析,从环境监测分析实验室实际出发,以团队意识、人本意识、创新意识、市场意识和效率意识等五种意识的培养为主要思路,提出构建环境监测实验室文化的建设在三个层次上的具体措施。     

活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究进展

本文阐明研究胞外多聚物的重要性入手,从它的性质,来源,在污水和污泥处理中各方面的影响作用,以及胞多聚物的分离提取方法几方面,综述了活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究发展和现状,并提出了一些可供进一步的探索的问题。