哒嗪硫磷废水综合预处理研究

为处理河北省某农药厂生产过程中产生的高浓度哒嗪硫磷废水,研究采用过滤除油-加酸中和-过滤-混凝技术对该废水进行综合预处理。采用该工艺进行预处理后COD<3000mg/L,预处理后水质基本稳定,可生化性能提高,符合后续生化处理的水质要求,在去除COD和S2-的同时回收硫磺和硫化钠,体现循环经济,清洁生产工艺思想。     

铁矿企业发展循环经济的模式选择

论述了我国铁矿企业加快发展循环经济的重要性和紧迫性,通过对国家循环经济试点单位的调研,提出铁矿企业发展循环经济可以采取“两提高、三综合、一恢复”的模式,即提高采矿回采率和出矿品位,提高选矿金属回收率和精矿品位;矿产资源综合利用;恢复矿山生态环境。并就铁矿企业如何大力发展循环经济提出建议。     

准确把握循环经济要义积极推进经济发展方式转变

经济发展方式的转变是我国化解资源环境约束、提高经济发展质量和效益、实现可持续发展的必由之路,而循环经济正是转变经济发展方式的有效途径。但实践中,有些地方政府和企业在用循环经济变革传统发展方式方面还存在种种误区,以致于严重偏离了循环经济的真正目标。通过对循环经济的目的、思路、实践、思想等内容的阐释,帮助人们准确把握循环经济要义,为积极推进经济发展方式转变提供参考。     

循环经济与我国水泥工业

对我国水泥工业在“四零一负”战略方面多年来取得的实践成效、在促进循环经济发展中的地位和作用以及在循环经济领域中的典型企业进行详细介绍,说明我国水泥工业独特的利废优势和健康有序的发展,必将为我国循环经济体系的发展做出更大贡献。     

新汶矿区循环经济发展模式浅析

对于资源趋于枯竭、生产成本渐高、生态环境恶化的矿区来讲,发展循环经济、打造资源节约型矿区是解决这些问题的有效手段。通过对新矿集团发展循环经济的理念、实践、总结和展望的分析研究,总结了新矿集团循环经济发展模式,对于煤炭企业发展循环经济提供借鉴,为全力打造资源节约型矿区提供参考。     

关于海洋环境文化建设与海洋环境保护的若干思考

海洋环境文化是海洋文化和环境文化的一个分支,其建设状况对海洋环境保护影响甚大.本文从引入海洋环境文化的概念入手,探析其内涵及重要性,分析了海洋环境文化与海洋经济的辩证关系,并就海洋环境问题,从海洋环境文化层面剖析原因,提出了海洋环境文化建设的对策思路.     

循环经济、绿色经济和生态经济

循环经济、绿色经济和生态经济是上个世纪后半期出现的旨在解决经济增长和资源环境之间矛盾的经济范畴,它们产生的背景相同、内容有交叉、观点主张相似,极易产生混淆,却又在研究重点、人文关怀、系统衔接点和研究任务上有着各自的侧重和理论渊源。它们要求与之配套的发达的市场制度,能将生态环境要素纳入到价格形成机制中,在不损害资源和环境的前提下,加快和提高国民经济发展的质量和速度,体现了不同的经济学研究视角和人类对可持续发展的共同追求。     

Physiological signal analysis for fatigue level of experienced and inexperienced drivers

Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.

Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431–436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test.

Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR.

Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels.     

长江大保护环境与经济可持续发展问题及对策研究

实现长江大保护环境与经济可持续发展对打好长江保护修复攻坚战、持续推动长江经济带实现高水平保护和高质量发展具有重要意义.为了系统研究长江大保护的环境与经济可持续性,探索以生态优先、绿色发展为导向的高质量发展新路子,在查阅分析文献资料和对政府相关部门和企业开展实地调研访谈的基础上,梳理长江经济带11省市大保护工作的基本情况,分析环境与经济可持续发展面临的问题与挑战,并提出有针对性的对策建议.结果表明:①当前长江大保护各项工作稳步高效推进,取得了阶段性进展和成效.②长江大保护面临生态环境保护系统性不足、资金缺口大且渠道窄、运营效率低、政策支持力度不足等问题.③建议长江经济带在规划、管理、模式等方面系统推进,拓宽长江大保护资金渠道,增强规模化运营效益,加大对长江大保护的政策支持和倾斜.研究显示,长江大保护虽已取得初步成效,但环境与经济可持续发展形势依然严峻,需要在生态环境系统保护、投融资、项目建设运营、政策支持等方面进一步加强.      

Buses retrofitting with diesel particle filters: Real-world fuel economy and roadworthiness test considerations

Retrofitting older vehicles with diesel particulate filter(DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter emissions. This study experimentally analyzes real-world performance of buses retrofitted with CRT DPFs. 18 in-use Euro III technology urban and intercity buses were investigated for a period of 12 months. The influence of the DPF and of the vehicle natural aging on buses fuel economy are analyzed and discussed. While the effect of natural deterioration is about 1.2%–1.3%, DPF contribution to fuel economy penalty is found to be 0.6% to 1.8%, depending on the bus type. DPF filtration efficiency is analyzed throughout the study and found to be in average 96% in the size range of 23–560 nm. Four different load and non-load engine operating modes are investigated on their appropriateness for roadworthiness tests. High idle is found to be the most suitable regime for PN diagnostics considering particle number filtration efficiency.