Why dual leaders will drive innovation: Resolving the exploration and exploitation dilemma with a conservation of resources solution

Using conservation of resources theory, we challenge traditional unity of command models of leadership and propose that a dual‐leadership framework can serve as a potential solution to the inherent challenges of innovation. Leading for innovation demands are depicted as uniquely disparate from other forms of leadership, resulting in several types of conflict and resource depletion for individual leaders. We contend that this exploration–exploitation role conflict and the resulting need to manage incongruent role identities produce stress, strain, and resource depletion that in turn hamper innovative goal achievement for both a single leader directly and via subordinates more indirectly. We propose, however, that as an extension of the resource investment tenet of the conservation of resources theory, a dual‐leadership approach may alleviate many of these challenges for innovation. Specifically, the addition of a second leader can add resources to innovation and in turn decrease the role conflict inherent in managing the generation and implementation of creative ideas. Limitations and areas for future research are offered.     

Physiological signal analysis for fatigue level of experienced and inexperienced drivers

Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.

Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431–436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test.

Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR.

Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels.     

等离子球磨机的研制及其振动平台试验

目的实现球磨室在常压下的大面积介质阻挡放电等离子体,开发出商用等离子球磨机。方法通过在不同弹簧和平台质量条件下,利用振动传感器测试平台的振幅(峰峰值)和加速度(有效值)数值,对比确定最优配置和机械振动参数。结果当振动平台振幅接近球磨室内径时,获得高振幅和高加速度的磨球,显著缩短了气体放电间距,实现了球磨室在常压下的大面积介质阻挡放电等离子体。所设计的单筒等离子振动球磨机,其振动平台可选用φ7 mm、φ8 mm两组弹簧,根据平台质量的不同,选择不同类型的激振块组合,可以在30 Hz转速以上实现平台振幅峰峰值达到或者接近球磨罐内径值,同时拥有10g以上的加速度有效值。结论本试验综合机械振动学、高压绝缘放电和材料加工技术,所研制的等离子体球磨机实现了机械能和等离子体能在球磨过程中的协同作用,显著提高了粉末活性,降低了化合物合成反应激活能,从而显著提高了所制备材料的性能。     

中外清洁生产背景的比较及其对我国的启示

清洁生产是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径。本文从中外比较的角度,分析了国外清洁生产的成功经验和中外实施清洁生产的背景差异,提出了今后我国在实施清洁生产战略时,应重视的几个方面,即完善实施前提,发挥政府与产业部门的作用,加强科学研究与教育培训     

邓小平理论课教学中对人格教育的思考

本文提出邓小平人格教育在邓小平理论课教学中的重要性。主要从邓小平同志对待人生态度的修身进取精神,对革命建设实践中的探索创新精神,道德情操的无私无畏精神三方面进行论述,以此提高邓小平理论课的教学效果。     

中国环境管理体系剖析和创新的思路

中国现有的环境管理法律体系十分庞大,但因系统的目的性、外适应性和内协调性都存在着许多不足,配套的管理制度滞后,在环境问题日趋复杂和多样的条件下,社会要求对环境管理体制改革的呼声十分强烈.文章根据中国环境管理体系现状,通过对现有法律体系的地位、效力、目的性、适用性和8项管理制度的管理模式、权限、手段等方面进行剖析,并从环境法律和管理的制度、机制、模式和权属设置等方面提出了环境管理体系创新的思路.     

中国土壤科学发展的理论与实践

从土壤作为资源与环境共同载体这一角度出发，阐述了土壤科学发展的特点、土壤科学研究的特性和方向，提出了土壤“3P”、土壤“3S”和土壤“3R”的未来创新研究内容。认为应牢牢把握“土壤圈”这一现代土壤科学发展的理论基础，丰富和发展现代土壤科学，不断推进土壤科学发展与创新的实践运用。     

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商机制及经验探讨

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商已经成为保障过程中的重要环节,旨在以精细化空气质量预报为环境管理部门制定高效可行的区域大气污染管控措施提供关键技术依据。预报会商机制可有效规范区域联动预报会商的开展,在多个重大活动空气质量保障中,预报会商机制已日益完善,尤其是在强化立体化监测网、开展多技术组协同作业、建立多维预报会商流程、提升多种重点污染物预报能力等方面积累了大量宝贵的实践经验。该文首次系统性探讨国内空气质量保障预报会商机制和经验,以期为今后承办重大活动的地区开展空气质量保障预报会商提供借鉴。     

对县级环境监测站计量认证工作的建议

结合陕西省县级监测站在《计量认证》工作中存在的实际情况,从人员少素质低、实验室硬软件差、机构设置不合理等几个方面,对照新、旧《计量认证》评审准则的区别与要求,有针对性的提出从加强县级监测站自身业务能力建设与学习、新的《检验检测机构资质认定评审准则》的学习、质量体系文件的编写及质量体系的建立、质量体系的试运行、现场评审等五个方面的工作,总结了关于做好《计量认证》工作的一些经验,并提出了好的建议和意见,这为县级环境监测站进一步搞好《计量认证》工作提供了参考和借鉴.     

网格化管理对环境治理体系创新的研究

网格化管理能打破部门与职能边界,突破层级节制的组织结构,其精细化、责任化、规范化、高效化引发城市网格化管理热潮,但其管控性、封闭化、重行政化又备受质疑.网格化治理对网格化管理进行了探讨,对网格化的优缺点进行了扬弃,对网格化的吸纳治理理念,弱化管控思想进行了分析,对网格化在治理体系、治理主体、治理手段、治理过程上深度契合进行了探讨,坚决以党的十八届三中全会提出的治理现代化理念为中心,为子孙后代,为环境治理做出贡献.