Supervisor monitoring and subordinate innovation

This study introduces a new and parsimonious classification of supervisor monitoring (observational monitoring and interactional monitoring) and examines the effects of these two monitoring styles on subordinate innovation. Guided by social exchange theory, we propose that the two monitoring styles influence subordinate job attitudes (trust and distrust in their supervisor), relationship quality (leader–member exchange), and work behaviors (feedback‐seeking behaviors), which, in turn, affect their innovation. The pilot study developed the scales for the two monitoring styles and tested their content validity among 189 undergraduate students. Using a sample of 385 subordinates, Study 1 assessed the construct validity of the two monitoring styles. In Study 2, the results of a survey of 388 supervisor–subordinate dyads show support for the proposed theoretical model. Specifically, observational monitoring and interactional monitoring were related to subordinates' trust and distrust in their supervisor. Trust and distrust in the supervisor, in turn, were related to the quality of the leader–member exchange, feedback‐seeking behaviors, and ultimately, supervisor‐rated innovation. These findings suggest that supervisors' monitoring styles have both positive and negative effects on their subordinates' innovation, which depends on the type of monitoring supervisors engage in. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Open workshops as sites of innovative socio-economic practices: approaching urban post-growth by assemblage theory

ABSTRACT

Current debates on knowledge-based and creative locational development have come to deal with small urban places of novelty that formerly remained unnoticed. A plethora of new forms of producing and working recently emerged in unplanned and uncoordinated ways, bearing odd names such as FabLabs, Open Worklabs, RealLabs, Open Design Cities, Techshops, Repair Cafés, and more (Smith, A., M. Fressoli, D. Abrol, E. Arond, and A. Ely. 2017. Grassroots Innovation Movements. London: Routledge). Political initiatives have been taken by surprise; at the same time, standard epistemic tools of the social sciences and economics have been rendered unfit. More concise analytical reconstructions are needed to adequately capture the variety and complexity of these “labs”, their heterogeneous causation, their contingent proceedings, their surplus of latency, their peculiar power relations and their local embeddings. Urban social contexts have a strong triggering function as they help to re-configure older, and create new, combinations of heterogeneous social and economic agency. Meanwhile strong elements of grassroots innovation (Smith et al. 2017) have informed the formation of various models of alternative work and production. Taking the phenotype of open workshops as a revealing example, we take assemblage theory to describe the constitutive features of these new types of self-organised work, and the associated places of innovation. A fresh gaze on the complexity and open-endedness of socio-material formations may help to better understand the nature of emerging post-growth economies.     

Not seeing is not believing: volunteer beliefs about Burmese pythons in Florida and implications for public participation in invasive species removal

Public engagement is important to invasive species management, and recreational harvest programs are one way agencies seek to involve the public and raise awareness. We surveyed participants (n = 660) and non-participants (n = 77) in the 2013 Python Challenge^TM to understand whether this event achieved its primary goal of raising awareness of the ecological impact of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) in south Florida. Respondents indicated a high level of ‘concern’ about the seriousness of the python problem and the need for management actions. Concern was affected positively by environmental motivations, experience of seeing pythons in the wild, older age, and female sex, but negatively by level of Python Challenge involvement. Results suggest that ‘proximate’ experience of not seeing a python may reduce concern, whereas ‘ongoing’ experience may temper concern without diminishing involvement. This research highlights the role of experience in shaping beliefs and advises diligence in public participation programs.     

一组表达安全创新的新概念及其关联问题

为提升安全创新能力和水平及公正评价安全成果,本文从表达安全创新的新概念创设开始,以科学学思想为指导,以元概念演绎法和双向思维法,创设了正负“元事物”“元创事物”“颠覆性元创事物”等系列新概念,将表达安全创新的“负元事物”“负元创事物”和“负颠覆性元创事物”等概念与商业和科技等颠覆性创新对等起来,并推论出正负两类“颠覆性元创事物”所涉及的重要科学问题。之后,通过正负两类“颠覆性元创事物”的比较,并以近期发生的新冠肺炎为典型案例,得到一些发展和鉴别“负颠覆性元创事物”的方法与途径。研究结果对安全科技创新发展和评价等具有重要的理论意义。     

城市大气环境治理创新模式及方法

在经济快速发展与工业进程加快的推动下,人们生活条件得到改善。然而,大气污染问题也随之加剧,使城市形象受到严重损害,并阻碍城市发展与进步。相关部门需要对此种问题加以重视,积极制定防治措施。本文对大气污染危害与成因进行简单分析,并对其治理创新模式和方法进行简单介绍。     

知识经济条件下传统资源学面临的选择

传统的资源学目前正面临着知识经济的挑战。为适应知识经济的要求，传统的资源学应在研究内容、研究方法及学科观念上进行创新     

浅析职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新

我国职业安全健康领域人力资源管理存在管理理念落后,激励因素不足,培训开发力度不足等问题,制约我国职业安全健康事业的发展。为盘活现有的人力资源,实现职业安全健康领域人力资源创新管理,笔者认为一是要进行观念创新;二是要进行机制创新;三是要营造有利于职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新的环境。本文就职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新提出三点建议：（1）提升职业安全健康领域人力资源管理战略高度;（2）提高职业安全健康领域人力资源管理专业水平;（3）加强职业安全健康领域人力资源管理权力约束机制建设。     

新形势下中小企业自主创新能力培养探究

在新的市场环境下。中小企业面临新的竞争和挑战,中小企业要在激烈的市场环境获取更多的发展机会,需要具备良好的自主创新能力,在运行过程中需要积极开展自主创新活动,从多方面提升自身的综合竞争力,为获取更多的利润创造良好的条件。中小企业自主创新的过程也是新产品开发和价值形成的过程,在新的市场环境下,中小企业需要注重新技术开发。从管理、技术、文化、营销等角度把握市场发展机会,积极推进自主创新工作不断开展,为中小企业自主创新能力提升和可持续发展营造良好的氛围。     

Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: The collective action problem and the potential of social capital

Expanding the opportunities for public participation in environmental planning is not always the best option. Starting from an institutional public choice analysis of public participation in terms of the collective action problem, this paper emphasises the roots of participatory activities in the incentive structures facing potential participants. It then goes on to consider the strategies that may be adopted for encouraging greater public involvement and looks particularly to the social capital literature for suggestions of how institutional redesign may alter these incentive structures. The paper concludes by distinguishing three different modes of environmental planning, in terms of the rationale for participation, the severity of the collective action problem and the associated participatory strategy that can be adopted.