国家生态工业示范园对企业绿色创新的影响研究

国家生态工业示范园是中国工业绿色转型的主要载体。本文基于创建国家生态工业示范园为切入点,采用多期双重差分法（difference-in-differences, DID）和2002-2017年上市公司的面板数据,实证考察了国家生态工业示范园对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现：①创建国家生态工业示范园显著促进了企业绿色创新,平均提升了上市公司绿色发明专利0.883项,绿色实用专利0.465项;②事件分析表明,国家生态工业示范园与企业绿色创新之间存在着“先增后降”的倒“U”形关系;③国家生态工业示范园显著增加了企业环保投资,抑制了企业排污费,但与政府环保补助之间没有必然联系;④国家生态工业示范园更有助于非国有企业、经营状况比较好的企业以及东部经济发达地区的企业绿色创新,并且其绿色创新效应不集中于特定行业（如重污染行业）。本文从微观企业层面为理解创建国家生态工业示范园的经济社会效益提供了启发。     

区块链技术在碳交易体系中的应用研究

完善碳交易市场,优化碳交易机制是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要保障。为解决我国传统中心化碳交易市场中存在的交易低效、监管困难、行政干预过度等机制性问题,本文在剖析碳交易流程功能需求和区块链技术适用性的基础上,提出了一套基于区块链技术的去中心化、自动化、可信任的创新碳交易体系构建方案。首先从整体层面出发,依据实际业务场景设计了基于 Fabric联盟链的碳交易区块链总体架构,然后对交易体系进行细分,从碳交易二级市场框架、碳交易方法、碳交易监管、碳交易激励与惩罚四个维度探讨了身份认证、智能合约、数据溯源、信用代币等区块链技术的具体应用方法。研究表明,区块链技术的引入推动了碳资源向数字凭证转化,实现了碳交易的自动化和智能化,提升了交易效率;链式数据结构和分布式共识机制扼杀了“舞弊”和“寻租”空间,为实时动态监管和协同监管创造了条件;碳交易信用代币的发行与应用提供了更为缓和的治理方式,避免了行政强制手段对市场的过度干预,优化了政府的治理能力,也进一步提升了碳交易的效率性和公平性。     

A theory of scaling for community-based fisheries management

Community-based approaches to fisheries management has emerged as a mainstream strategy to govern dispersed, diverse and dynamic small scale fisheries. However, amplifying local community led sustainability outcomes remains an enduring challenge. We seek to fill a theoretical gap in the conceptualization of ‘scaling up community-based fisheries management’. We draw on literature of agriculture innovations to provide a framework that takes into account process-driven and structural change occurring across multiple levels of governance, as well as different phases of scaling. We hypothesize that successful scaling requires engagement with all aspects of a governing regime, coalescing a range of actors, and therefore, is an enterprise that is larger than its parts. To demonstrate where the framework offers value, we illustrate the development of community-based fisheries management in Vanuatu according to the framework’s main scaling dimensions.     

江苏沿江地区农业产业化地域类型与发展研究

农业产业化经营是新形势下我国农业生产发展的必然趋势。20世纪90年代江苏沿江地区开始了农业产业化经营,现已产生了良好的效果,形成了加工企业带动型、流通企业牵引型、专业市场辐射型、新型合作经济组织依托型、主导产品推进型和外向型农业导入型等多种农业产业化地域类型,对促进江苏沿江地区农业增效、农民增收和农村经济发展产生了重要作用。实现江苏沿江地区农业产业化进一步发展的途径是：构筑农业创新体系,包括完善农村市场组织体制和农业运行机制、建立新型的农业投资机制、创新农业土地流转机制和转变行政、农业科研部门的服务职能;进一步调整与优化农村经济、农业和农产品结构,加快建设区域专门化农业生产基地;加强农业技术革新和农业科技示范园的建设,提高农业科技进步贡献率;建设适应现代市场竞争条件下的农业经营理念,实现传统农业向现代农业的跨越。     

日本琵琶湖的治理历程、效果与经验

以琵琶湖富营养化综合治理历程为主线,对琵琶湖30余年的治理过程、资金投入、治理措施、成功经验与成果进行了梳理. 截至2006年,琵琶湖综合整治历时35a,总投资约2.86×1012日元(约相当于1800×108元人民币),参照我国GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》,目前琵琶湖北湖水质维持在Ⅰ类水平,南湖由Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水恢复到I～Ⅱ类水质. 琵琶湖的治理分为2个阶段:第一阶段为1972—1997年,历时25a,这一阶段在琵琶湖水资源有效利用及防洪防灾上取得很大成就,但水质与环境仍在恶化; 1999年至今为第二阶段,主要目标是水质保护、水源涵养及自然环境与景观保护,目前琵琶湖富营养化已得到有效控制. 琵琶湖采取的综合治理措施主要包括依法治湖、中长期综合治理规划、流域污染源系统控制、自动监测系统及专门研究机构建立以及公众参与等5个方面. 主要治理经验包括:①严格控制氮、磷污染源,管网及大型污水处理设施建设着眼于未来长远规划,污水处理深度除磷脱氮技术的普及是污染源系统控制的关键;②大力提高森林覆盖率以减少面源污染的产生,改善水源涵养及流域生境;③切实做到有法必依、执法必严,实现依法治湖;④高度重视环境教育及公众参与;⑤积极推动各科研机构对环境问题的研究.      

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China’s energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis (PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of “weak” and “narrow” versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008–2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively, to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China’s ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of “weak” PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, “narrow” PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China’s ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was non-significant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.     

Overcoming Contradictions Between Growth and SustainabiUty： Institutional Innovation in the BRICS

The recent accelerated growth rates or efforts to emulate countries that have achieved a rapid pace of economic growth are widely acclaimed as means to uplift millions from poverty. In so doing, however, this rapid economic growth is most likely to coincide with unsustainable levels of consumption, place excessive pressure on life support systems and terrestrial sinks and foreshorten options for the future. Rather than pursuing the ＂Environmental Kuznets Curve＂ （EKC） hypothesis that higher income will bring with it the means to reduce the impacts of greater consumption, ecological economists assert that buying our way out of future scarcity with fast growth is indeed contradictory with sustainability. To better understand these contradictions and explore potential institutional innovations that may enable developing nations to better confront them （in effect, ＂tunneling under＂ the EKC）, this article refers to recent experience in the BRICS countries （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa）. Beginning with a brief comparative summary of major development and environmental indicators, pressures on resources and society in each of the BRICS are discussed, followed by identification of institutional and policy frameworks each country has evolved to confront the challenges of growth and sustainability. The article closes with general conclusions for further research and information sharing among developing nations.     

深化大气环境监测管理立法的对策

简述了当前大气环境污染演变趋势特征及面临的挑战,分析了环境监测预警在法制建设方面的薄弱环节。提出,要以《江苏省大气污染防治条例》实行为契机,强化政府环境监测的职能;赋予监测数据应有的法律属性;强化环境的全要素监测;建立以环境质量为目标导向的监测管理制度;严厉打击数据弄虚作假;加快监测信息全公开。     

热电厂灰渣废水、再生废水综合利用技改设计

通过充分考虑热电厂的灰渣废水、再生废水的综合利用效益,对灰渣废水和化学再生废水的运行方式进行合理优化,从而减少工业补充水量,实现废水零排放,最终达到节约成本和保护环境的目的。技改后年节约水量为68.483万m3,年回收效益为89.083万元。     

经济增长目标、融资约束与污染企业绿色技术创新

经济增长目标作为中国政府宏观经济管理的一个重要手段,不仅会影响宏观经济绩效,还会显著影响微观经济主体的行为和绩效。本研究借助中国2004—2019年沪深A股上市污染企业数据,采用固定效应模型,从绿色技术创新视角考察了经济增长目标对微观企业的影响效应,并检验了融资约束在经济增长目标与污染企业绿色技术创新活动之间的中介效应。结果显示,经济增长目标会加剧融资约束,进而抑制企业绿色技术创新。同时,在“硬约束”情形、重污染企业和非国有企业中,经济增长目标对企业绿色技术创新的抑制效应更显著,而环境目标会弱化这种负向作用。本文丰富了经济增长目标影响微观企业绩效的相关研究,并为地方政府科学设定经济增长目标、更好平衡经济增长目标与环境目标之间关系以及促进污染企业绿色转型升级提供了理论依据和政策参考。