Governance innovations for climate change adaptation in urban Denmark

Urban areas worldwide are challenged by climate change and urban flooding. Within the academic literature, adaptive measures that can be integrated into other issues such as recreation, nature reserves, and social issues are considered the way forward. Adaptation has recently become a mandatory planning theme for Danish municipalities, which in the absence of established practices are struggling to find the best institutional set-up to address adaptation as an integrated issue. Based on a case study of an integrated project organised as a partnership, this article identifies and discusses governance challenges that must be addressed if municipalities are to benefit from synergies through integrated projects. The municipality in question has established a partnership with housing organisations, foundations, and a utility company as well as facilitated a dialogue with citizens and institutions to address flooding threats and social issues at the neighbourhood scale. Because of strong political and leadership support, funding from partners, and good project facilitation both partners and politicians are enthusiastic about the project and its potential. Several challenges, however, needed to be addressed, particularly in relation to clashing norms from different governance paradigms. This is an issue requiring more attention both in research and practice.     

城市施工扬尘控制管理先进经验及启示

国际上施工扬尘控制管理立法,由环保部门监管,突出扬尘源头控制和全过程管理,主要由建设单位承担施工期扬尘控制责任,要求采用最佳管理实践,重视扬尘排放量化管理,对违规行为处罚十分严厉.国内城市应吸取先进经验,推进扬尘防治地方性立法,赋予环保部门监管责权,利用排污申报与许可加强施工扬尘源头控制,加强全过程和内外部相结合的环保管理,推进扬尘排放标准研究和监测工作,实施精细化管理.     

Prey detection without successful capture affects spider’s orb-web building behaviour

Animals obtain information from past foraging experience to adjust their foraging activity according to their environment. The ability of spiders to obtain information from unsuccessful predation experiences was investigated by examining the effects on web building, a significant foraging investment, of prey detection without successful capture in the orb-web spider Cyclosa octotuberculata. Four treatments were employed: (1) successful capture and feeding: one syrphid fly was allowed to be captured and consumed by the spider on the web; (2) single prey-item detection: a syrphid fly was placed on the web to lure the spider, but was removed before capture; (3) five prey-item detection: above prey-item detection stimulus was given five times; and, (4) control: neither prey nor feeding on the web. While control spiders decreased the total thread length and capture area of their webs, prey-item detection spiders in both conditions increased them, indicating that the spider obtained information from unsuccessful predation experience to adjust their foraging investment. The fed spiders exhibited a significantly greater increase than the prey-detection-only spiders, suggesting that prey detection alone and prey detection with consumption had different informational effects. Total thread length did not differ between single and five prey-item detection spiders, but distance between two adjacent sticky spirals increased only in the former spiders, possibly because five times unsuccessful predations prevented spiders to reduce web stickiness. It suggests that the spider changed web morphology according to the number of prey detection.     

中国区域创新效率及其影响因素

效率问题是中国科技创新过程中需重点关注的一个问题.本文以1998-2005年中国30个省份的研发面板数据为基础,以专利为创新的产出指标,R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入为创新的投入指标,应用随机前沿模型对各地区创新过程中的效率情况进行了实证测评,并就影响创新效率的环境因素进行了进一步探讨.主要的研究发现有:R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入对创新产出均有显著的正向影响,且R&D人员投入比R&D经费支出具有更高的产出弹性;劳动者素质对区域创新效率的提高有显著的正影响,而产业结构有显著的负影响,这可能与专利并不能全面反映高技术产业创新绩效有关;各地区的创新效率呈明显上升的趋势,且与地方经济发展结合越来越紧密;区域创新效率有收敛的趋势,后进地区的追赶效应明显.本文结论为国家及地方创新工程建设提供政策参考.     

农村金融改革与发展问题展望

农村金融对农村经济社会发展具有重要的作用,随着我国农村金融机构的不断增加,涉农贷款呈现逐步增长的态势,金融产业和金融服务不断创新,农村金融的信用体系建设和支付体系建设需要进一步的改善,从根本上保证金融机构的可持续发展能力不断提升,为建设社会主义新农村创造良好的条件。针对农村金融改革过程中面临的新情况、新问题,需要采取有效的财税政策和金融政策,提升农村金融的现代化水平,通过完善机制、提升服务达到稳定农村金融市场的根本目标。     

城市水环境治理运作机制构建与创新

中国实行改革开放以来，工业化和城市化推动了城市经济的快速增长，但城市水环境破坏严重。政府部门曾采取一些措施来改善水环境，但并未有效解决污染问题。由于城市水环境治理问题的重要性和紧迫性，国家科技部在武汉市汉阳区启动“水专项”寻求有效的治理模式。由于采用新的制度安排，注重科学技术与管理制度的结合，明显改善了汉阳地区的水环境。“武汉水专项”的试验显示出市场机制在城市水环境治理这类公益项目中同样是有效率的。构建更加有效的城市水环境治理运作机制既是必要的，也是可能的。构建城市水环境治理运作机制的核心是在确保水环境改善的公共目标的基础上，实现城市水环境治理投入的外部效应内部化，城市水环境治理可以成为具有广阔市场和丰厚盈利的现代服务业.     

国内外滨海地区先进环保经验对江苏沿海开发的启示

调研了国内外滨海地区环保管理的经验,结合江苏沿海地区环境的特点,对江苏沿海开发中的环保管理提出了建议和展望。     

我国环境管制、自主创新与FDI内含技术水平提升

环境管制与技术创新对FDI内含技术水平的提升有着重大的影响。本文在对相关文献回顾的基础上,构建了一个包含环境管制与自主创新的分析模型,并利用近几年的数据实证检验了其对外商投资企业内含技术水平的影响。研究发现,我国的环境管制措施对外商投资企业内含技术水平的提高起到了显著的作用,而现阶段我国总体的自主创新能力对其影响则不明显;但是技术含量多、创新层次高的创新活动,对外商投资企业内含技术水平提升的促进效果十分显著。该研究结果具有重要的政策意义,即环境保护、自主创新与引进高技术含量的外资之间具有良性的互动效应。我国应该逐步提高环境管制水平,激励外商投资企业的技术创新和引进;进一步加强对技术含量高、具备核心竞争能力的创新活动的支持力度,实现环境效益提高与外资内含技术水平提升的均衡发展。     

资源型区域技术创新与产业转型的耦合机理

长期来看,资源型区域在发展过程中都存在着资源耗竭问题。以资源型产业为主导的区域产业结构需要通过发展新兴产业以实现区域内的产业转型,促进区域经济的可持续发展。产业转型与技术创新之间存在着正向的相互作用,两者之间的耦合机理在于技术创新促进新产业的发展,新产业的发展又会进一步促进技术创新的进步。     

环保企业集群的优势分析和发展建议

阐述了环保企业集群的定义,分析了环保企业集群的优势,列举了典型范例,给出了环保企业集群发展的建议。