A/O装置处理表面活性剂废水的运行经验

介绍了表面活性剂废水处理装置的工艺流程,重点分析了影响A／O装置处理效果的因素,提出了适合该废水处理的运行模式及工艺控制指标,出水COD＜120mg／L。     

西部大开发与环境保护政策的取向

实施西部大开发战略是我国跨世纪的重大决策，党中央和国家已将生态建设和环境保护放在十分重要的地位。文章对我国当前的环境保护政策进行了归纳和分析，指出了其中存在的困难和问题在于立法机制不健全、可行性差、与市场机制不相适应等。西部地区应认识和吸取有益经验，制定出与市场经济相适应的环境政策，实现西部地区经济社会与环境的协调发展。     

东平湖库区可持续发展综合分析

东平湖库区人口、资源及环境的矛盾非常突出，贫困与生态环境恶化的双重压力严重制约了库区的可持续发展。本文用可持续发展的观点及理论分析了库区可持续发展的客观因素，并对库区可持续发展的措施进行了探讨。     

COMPARATIVE BASES OF INDUSTRY POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND COMMERCIAL INNOVATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Adoption, maintenance, and operation of pollution control technology by manufacturing firms is essential to effective water resource management. In this study of 102 industries, we find that company adoption of pollution control technology and practices is primarily associated with two factors: (1) the overall company capacity for innovation in its production technology; and (2) company relationships with state and federal pollution control agencies, local government officials and professionals. Managerial attitudes about pollution and government regulation are not associated with either pollution control or commercial innovation, but are seen as basic to industry-government relationships. The data suggest an important regulatory dilemma, the problem of regulating a large number of small companies with a low capacity for innovation, but which when taken together account for large volumes of toxic effluent.     

Collaborative learning for policy innovations: sustainable urban drainage systems in Leicester,England

ABSTRACT

Collaboration among multiple stakeholders is crucial in decentralised governance settings. The success of such collaboration hinges upon collaborative learning – the acquiring, translating, and disseminating of policy-relevant knowledge. However, despite much research, a knowledge gap persists in the public policy literature on the relationship between learning and policy change. It is debated whether learning is necessary and sufficient for policy change, and if so, under what conditions. To contribute to this debate, this paper examined whether collaborative learning has had any impact on the emergence and implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) in Leicester, England. We first examined implementation of SuDS in Leicester, and then study collaborative learning focused on SuDS. We found that implementation of SuDS in Leicester is marginal despite active collaborative learning that has resulted in the change in beliefs and attitudes towards SuDS among all policy actors in the setting. Social dynamics factors and leadership of two SuDS champions proved crucial for collaborative learning. We conclude that collaborative learning, while essential for legitimacy of a policy innovation, is not sufficient for policy change and a national legal and institutional framework is required to incentivise broader SuDS practices in Leicester and England.     

Responding to Pressure on Local Natural Resources: the Story of Three Villages in South-Eastern Nigeria

There has been a recent move by development professionals away from formal “scientific” attempts to address problems caused by changing environmental conditions, towards a greater reliance on the innovative ability and indigenous knowledge of local people. This has necessitated a greater understanding of the way in which communities respond to environmental and socio-economic change. Using a model that predicts community responses to pressure on local natural resources, and data collected in three villages in south-eastern Nigeria, an attempt is made to document the way in which people react and adapt to change. It is concluded that with sufficient time communities will usually develop new resource management and agricultural systems. However, where change is occurring rapidly, a facilitator is required to encourage and accelerate local innovation so that farming and natural resource management systems can be appropriately adjusted before severe environmental degradation takes place.     

生化需氧量测试方法稀释比的改良

由污水常规监测及实验室内质控样的分析结果,进行比较分析,获取经验常数,确立BOD_5与CODcr存在线性关系,可由CODcr计算BOD_5的近似值,引用经验公式,直接确定取样体积,对BOD_5常规测试方法进行了改良,以达到降低工作强度,提高监测人员工作效率的目的。     

上海市有害废物管理的实践

介绍了市场市近几年来在有害废物管理方面的一些主要举措,总结了有害废物总体规划的研究,对某些废物实行优先控制,采取区域性集中定点处理和社会化有偿服务,实行有害废物运输货单制度等方面的基本做法,以及所取得的实际成效情况,通过与发达国家的有害废物管理经验的对比,提出了如何建立与改善有害废物从“摇篮到坟墓”全过程管理的基本思想和总体框架。     

线型旅游体验空间：风景道的体验性逻理嬗变

在体验视角下,风景道不仅只是旅游系统中的旅游过境地或旅游通道,旅游者逐渐将体验特色风景道作为出游动机,同时也折射出旅游产业要素在沿线空间范围上的流向扩散。在将“在路上”这一旅游体验作为旅游者出游的主要动机,使传统意义上仅以交通功能承载旅游流的风景道转向为旅游者体验最直接的表现形式,并将其整体视为一种特殊类型的旅游目的地衍生形态,不仅可以串联各自区隔的旅游空间,还是我国建立国家公园体系的有效支撑,同时也符合全域旅游发展的内在需求。通过对风景道作为新型线性体验空间的合理性进行分析,阐述这种旅游目的地衍生形态的理论解析,并结合国内外相关案例对其特点特征进行总结。以安徽南部京台高速铜黄段为例,探讨打造该区域的必然性与重要性,提出线型旅游体验空间构建内容,并总结发展内涵上的差异性。线型旅游体验空间的提出,在理论上深化拓展了现有关于风景道的旅游研究,为现实中旅游目的地发展提供一个新的发展方向。     

生态产品价值实现的国内外实践经验与启示

破解生态产品价值实现难题,贵在创新、重在实践.在生态产品价值实现相关方面,国内外相继开展了生动实践,形成了一批典型案例,积累了丰富经验,为我国生态产品价值实现提供了诸多启示.国内外实践经验表明,实现生态产品价值应充分依托生态资源实现生态产业化,找准自身特点定位促进产业生态化,建立政府主导下的市场化公共性生态产品补偿机制,通过优化国土空间带动土地溢价.借鉴国内外经验,结合我国生态产品价值实现存在的认识误区,提出了推动生态产品价值实现的建议:①充分认识生态资源是经济发展的优质资源,发挥人的主观能动性,通过生态产业化和产业生态化创造并实现生态产品价值.②改变原有补贴式、被动式和义务式的生态补偿方式,将市场机制融入公共性生态产品价值实现过程,以充分调动各方积极性.③转变传统城市建设和产业发展路径,探索生态产品价值实现载体,使生态产品与载体整合一体化实现"共生增值",让价值转移到载体中并通过载体交易实现其价值.