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61.
While factors influencing perceptions of drinking water have been well studied, those of aquatic ecosystems have been to lesser extent. We conducted a review to improve awareness of these factors. Environmental factors found to influence public perceptions of aquatic ecosystems were presence/absence of water plants and algae, presence/absence of floating debris, the odor, movement (for flowing waters) and clarity/turbidity of the water, and the type, condition, setting, naturalness, and overall aesthetic appeal of the ecosystem. Sociocultural factors found to influence public perceptions of aquatic ecosystems included age, education, gender, and place-based knowledge. We provide perspectives of how managers can better meet the diverse social demands placed on aquatic ecosystems. The importance and benefits of considering these perspectives may be especially beneficial where significant multi-generational and culturally relevant place-based knowledge exist. 相似文献
62.
Hatice Esen Ahmet Cihan Nilgün Fiğlali 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(1):123-137
Introduction. Shift patterns, work hours, work arrangements and worker motivations have increasingly become key factors for job performance. The main objective of this article is to design an expert system that identifies the negative effects of shift work and prioritizes mitigation efforts according to their importance in preventing these negative effects. The proposed expert system will be referred to as the shift expert. Methods. A thorough literature review is conducted to determine the effects of shift work on workers. Our work indicates that shift work is linked to demographic variables, sleepiness and fatigue, health and well-being, and social and domestic conditions. These parameters constitute the sections of a questionnaire designed to focus on 26 important issues related to shift work. The shift expert is then constructed to provide prevention advice at the individual and organizational levels, and it prioritizes this advice using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model, which considers comparison matrices provided by users during the prioritization process. An empirical study of 61 workers working on three rotating shifts is performed. After administering the questionnaires, the collected data are analyzed statistically, and then the shift expert produces individual and organizational recommendations for these workers. 相似文献
63.
What role does an ego's brokerage location—within a team (intra‐team) or outside the team (inter‐team)—play in the evolution of an instrumental knowledge‐seeking network in terms of both proximal (i.e., within the team) and distal (i.e., outside the team) tie formation and tie decay? We address this question by drawing on literature about social networks, brokerage, and teams. We use temporally separated data from 302 students embedded in 97 teams to test our hypotheses about the impacts of intra‐team and inter‐team brokerage on proximal and distal network evolution, specifically on four network changes in knowledge‐seeking networks: proximal tie formation, proximal tie decay, distal tie formation, and distal tie decay. We find that these four changes depend on individual network brokerage location even after controlling for personality and task characteristics. Specifically, inter‐team brokers change their networks both within and outside their teams, whereas intra‐team brokers curtail their network changes. We argue that these opposite effects occur because inter‐team brokers have greater autonomy than intra‐team brokers. This study adds to the ongoing dialog about network evolution in social network literature and to the conversations about brokerage and its location in the context of team‐based work. 相似文献
64.
土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的结构设计 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的设计原理与实现方法,阐述了土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的土壤分类决策判断树的构造原理,讨论了土壤遥感分类识别专家知识表示的基本原则和系统知识库中专家知识的组织方式,以及专家系统推理机的设计原理和推理规则的构建方法。系统采用压缩编码方式存储地学专题图形和遥感图像数据,具有数据与图像的存储更新、查询检索、分析处理、特征提取和信息输出等功能。该系统可以对遥感图像进行土壤类型的分类识别,并对分类精度进行监测与评价。用该系统对新疆天山北麓阜康试验区的土壤分类识别进行了试验研究,并对试验结果进行了讨论与评价。 相似文献
65.
Rethinking Community-Based Conservation 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
FIKRET BERKES 《Conservation biology》2004,18(3):621-630
Abstract: Community-based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the interests of both could be served. It has been controversial because community development objectives are not necessarily consistent with conservation objectives in a given case. I examined CBC from two angles. First, CBC can be seen in the context of paradigm shifts in ecology and applied ecology. I identified three conceptual shifts—toward a systems view, toward the inclusion of humans in the ecosystem, and toward participatory approaches to ecosystem management—that are interrelated and pertain to an understanding of ecosystems as complex adaptive systems in which humans are an integral part. Second, I investigated the feasibility of CBC, as informed by a number of emerging interdisciplinary fields that have been pursuing various aspects of coupled systems of humans and nature. These fields—common property, traditional ecological knowledge, environmental ethics, political ecology, and environmental history—provide insights for CBC. They may contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary conservation science with a more sophisticated understanding of social-ecological interactions. The lessons from these fields include the importance of cross-scale conservation, adaptive comanagement, the question of incentives and multiple stakeholders, the use of traditional ecological knowledge, and development of a cross-cultural conservation ethic. 相似文献
66.
本文通过对《立体构成》课程教学对象的分析,探讨了该课程在理论与实践教学环节教学方法的改进。实践证明,这些改进对于充分发掘学生潜力,激发学生的求知欲望,提高教师业务水平,促进《立体构成》课程教学改革具有重要意义。 相似文献
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69.
ISAPEC中知识自动获取的设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
剖析了利用人工神经网络实现大气污染总量控制规划智能决策支持系统(ISAPEC)中知识自动获取的必要性,论述了ISAPEC中知识的自动获取的设计与实现过程,并用一实例进行了验证。结果表明用人工神经网络实现知识的自动获取与知识的人工获取相比既具有更高的时间效率,又能保证更高的质量。 相似文献
70.
Yechiel Soffer Avishay Goldberg Galit Avisar‐Shohat Robert Cohen Yaron Bar‐Dayan 《Disasters》2010,34(1):205-213
Knowledge of appropriate behaviour during an earthquake is crucial for prevention of injury and loss of life. The Israeli Home Front Command conducts a yearly earthquake education programme in all Israeli schools, using three types of educational interventions: lectures, drills and a combination of the two. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in providing students with knowledge. We distributed a questionnaire to 2,648 children from the 5th and 6th grades in 120 schools nationwide. Knowledge scores for both 5th and 6th grades were increased, regardless of type of intervention, compared to the non-exposure group. A combined intervention of lectures and drills resulted in the highest knowledge scores. Our findings suggest that for the age group studied a combination of lectures and drills will likely prepare students best for how to behave in the event of an earthquake. 相似文献