安全生产责任的制度整合与伦理道德建设

在分析安全生产责任危机含义和安全生产责任概念基础上,指明安全生产责任体系的"四要素",即道德责任、政治责任、法律责任与管理责任,重点阐明道德责任是该体系的基础要素及其意义。根据对我国现有安全生产责任制度的分析,提出一个关于安全生产责任制度建设的伦理框架:强化安全生产责任意识;用人权伦理原则对安全生产责任制度伦理化;以特定的安全生产责任的伦理规范和准则构建责任规则系统;强化责任主体道德素质培养与监察制度建设,促使其自觉履行好自身应负的安全生产责任。总之,该理论框架为安全生产责任制度建立提供一个新的伦理学基础。     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

The experiences of four corporate officials managing compliance with the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act

The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA), one of the original pollution prevention laws, has faced repeated repeal attempts and budget cuts. Yet the Massachusetts toxics use data and other analyses have provided firm indications that the law has actually worked. Though the program has survived it is notable that an approach that both saves money and reduces pollution has been reduced and not expanded. This paper does not attempt to answer the question of why the strategies of TURA have not seen wider application, but offers four stories to illustrate what happens when they are properly applied. The experience of corporate officials who had to comply with TURA, related at a symposium on the occasion of the law’s 20th anniversary, shed light on how a strong pollution prevention law can benefit regulated companies as well as the environment and worker and public health, and provide suggestions, in addition to data and surveys, that TURA-like sets of governance tools should receive wider consideration.     

企业环境保护与内部财务控制制度的关系

建立企业环境保护内部财务控制制度是促进企业发展的重要因素.企业环境保护内部财务控制制度要体现企业承担的环境责任、遵循相关法律法规的要求等特征,提出了企业环保内部财务控制制度的特点及重要性,同时阐述了管理者应承担的受托责任.     

电源项目环境管理和企业环保职责

针对当前国家环保法规、制度的执行力度加大和电源项目环境管理要求日益提高的现状,分析了企业所担负的环保职责,探讨了强化项目前期、基建、生产中环保全过程管理的思路.     

强化管理与污染治理,确保饮用水安全

在总结危及饮用水安全的因素的基础上,提出了饮用水安全的概念,并对其内涵进行分析;指出饮用水安全的属性有3个,即水量有保证、水质要达标和足够的供水能力;从强化管理和加强污染治理方面探讨保障饮用水安全的措施;指出建立有效的环境问责制,将环境指标真正纳入官员考核机制、实施清洁化生产,减少废水排放量和实施新的给水处理工艺是保障饮用水安全的关键。上述管理和治理措施为改善我国饮用水安全状况提供理论依据,对预防及减少突发性水污染事件起到积极的作用。     

安全管理堵与疏(1)——安全管理的经济分析

在安全管理越来越得到重视的今天，安全责任追究力度越来越大，政府和官员对安全管理更多倾向于采取自我保护式的高压和严惩。这种管理模式在各方利益主体的博弈下，使得安全管理的目标与结果产生变异，甚至会产生不愿看到的结果。事实上安全管理制度运行的成本是巨大的，单靠严惩是不能解决问题的。本文运用博弈理论、新制度经济学、信息经济学、机制设计理论等经济学方法，对安全管理的运行机制进行分析，认为安全管理必须理性预防，堵疏结合，通过设计符合客观规律的安全管理运行机制，方能确保安全生产。     

From Trust to Trustworthiness: Why Information is not Enough in the Food Sector

The many well-publicized food scandals in recent years have resulted in a general state of vulnerable trust. As a result, building consumer trust has become an important goal in agri-food policy. In their efforts to protect trust in the agricultural and food sector, governments and industries have tended to consider the problem of trust as merely a matter of informing consumers on risks. In this article, we argue that the food sector better addresses the problem of trust from the perspective of the trustworthiness of the food sector itself. This broad idea for changing the focus of trust is the assumption that if you want to be trusted, you should be trustworthy. To provide a clear understanding of what being trustworthy means within the food sector, we elaborate on both the concept of trust and of responsibility. In this way we show that policy focused on enhancing transparency and providing information to consumers is crucial, but not sufficient for dealing with the problem of consumer trust in the current agri-food context.     

Safety beliefs and safe behavior among midwestern college students

PROBLEM: This study investigated the impact of safety beliefs on safe behavior and the effect of age, gender, class standing, and geographic region on these beliefs and behaviors. It also compares the level of safety beliefs and safe behavior of Midwestern college students in 1993 to those in 2002. METHOD: A total of 1,059 undergraduate students at four Midwestern universities completed the 33-item questionnaire developed by Crowe (J. Saf. Res. 26 (1995) 187) during the spring semester of 2002. RESULTS: Significant main effects for gender and age on safety beliefs and safe behavior were found as well as a significant interaction between gender and age for both outcome variables. The regression model with the independent variables of personal responsibility and gender yielded a multiple R of.58, which explained 34% of the variance of the self-reported safe behavior. Midwestern college students in 2002 were found less safety-conscious in terms of self-reported safety beliefs and safe behavior than those in 1993. DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that safety education of adolescents and young adults in the United States has not been effective, at least for the last decade, or today's social and school environment is less conducive to the students' safe behavior and beliefs than a decade ago. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Proactive multidisciplinary approaches to enhance safe behavior and beliefs of young adults should be made based on critical evaluation of current approaches.     

推行OHSMS过程中管理责任制的探讨

结合石油、天然气行业建立 HSE(健康、安全、环境 )管理体系的实践 ,归纳了在企业推行职业安全卫生管理体系 (OHSMS)过程中运用管理责任制的基本内容 ;根据领导科学和安全科学理论 ,采取与实际分析相结合的方法 ,论述了推行 OHSMS过程中安全管理责任制的必要性、科学性和适用性。