锈蚀钢结构连接节点抗震性能研究进展

基于材料与连接构件层面,总结了近年来国内外既有试验研究及理论分析成果,主要包括腐蚀后的标准试件的单调拉伸、滞回性能退化分析,以及梁柱节点、框架结构的抗震性能研究,并给出了相应的力学性能退化模型,通过进行总结及对比分析后,为复杂环境下工程钢结构给出研究方向,同时也对我国工程结构的设计方法提供理论指导和参考依据。     

Enrichment of fetal cells from maternal blood by high gradient magnetic cell sorting (double MACS) for PCR-based genetic analysis

For simple and effective isolation of fetal cells from peripheral maternal blood, we combined depletion of maternal cells and enrichment of fetal cells by high-gradient magnetic cell separation (MACS). First CD45⁺ and CD14⁺ cells were depleted from maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MACS. From the depleted fraction, CD71⁺ erythroid cells were enriched up to 80 per cent by MACS. This ‘double-MACS’ procedure yielded an average depletion rate of 780-fold and an average enrichment rate of 500-fold, with approximate recovery rates of 40–55 per cent. For paternity testing, cells from unseparated blood and the various fractions were analysed for polymorphism of the HLA-DQ-A1 locus and D1S80 locus by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In CD45⁻/CD71⁺ sorted cells from maternal blood, but not in unfractionated cells from maternal blood or CD45⁻/CD14⁻ cells, paternal alleles could be detected. In the CD45⁻/CD71⁺ fraction, the relative frequency of paternal alleles compared with maternal alleles ranged from 1 in 20 to 1 in 200 (determined by titration and depending on the quality of separation and biological variation). In 7 out of 11 cases, between weeks 12 and 25 of gestation, we could identify paternal alleles by PCR, either HLA-DQ-A1 or D1S80. This double-MACS procedure is simple, fast, efficient, and reliable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.     

ES-2001采油队安全生产巡检管理系统的开发与应用

介绍了新开发的ES—2001采油队安全生产巡检管理系统的系统构成和特点及巡检工作过程。采用非接触式射频信息卡，大大方便了职工巡检刷卡，借助油田局域网可随时对基层单位的巡检结果进行网页浏览，直接看到巡检记录报表和漏检记录报表，客观公正地进行考核，提高了综合管理水平。     

基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型及应用——以祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段为例

针对区域生态安全预警中的不确定性问题,考虑生态安全等级边界信息的随机性、模糊性及动态性,利用可拓学中兼具定性和定量分析及动态性的物元理论和具有不确定推理特性的云模型,提出了基于可拓云模型的区域生态安全预警模型;运用该模型对祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年生态安全进行了定量评估,并对2017年生态安全环境进行动态预警。结果表明:祁连山生态功能区张掖段2005—2015年的生态安全整体水平均处于"理想"以下,其变化趋势为"较差"到"一般"再到"良好";2017年祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全为"蓝色"预警,但有向"黄色"转变的趋势,其中工业三废、环保投入强度、森林覆盖率及人均水资源量是影响祁连山冰川与水源涵养生态功能区张掖段生态安全的主要因素。     

基于可拓和组合赋权的泥石流危险性评价

基于可拓学物元理论,结合层次分析主观赋权法与灰色关联度客观赋权法,对评价因子进行组合赋权,避免单一赋权方法的片面性,建立泥石流危险性评价模型。影响泥石流危险性的因子有很多,通过现场实际调查,选取一次泥石流最大冲出量、发生频率、24 h最大降雨量等8个因子对泥石流进行危险性评价。运用该模型对卡拉地区7条泥石流沟进行危险性评价,评价结果与实际情况相吻合,表明此方法可为泥石流危险性评价提供参考。     

基于可拓云理论的泥炭质土场地沉降风险评价

为更好地研究泥炭质土场地地铁车站基坑周边沉降问题,预测和评估施工时及施工后的沉降风险,在分析了泥炭质土的特点后,选择土层厚度、有机质质量分数、重度、天然含水率、孔隙比、土层埋深和压缩模量7个指标,建立沉降风险评估指标体系,并根据改进层次分析法和改进熵权法求出主观权重与客观权重,最后用理想点法耦合主客观权重求出各评价指标的综合权重;根据沉降等级分类标准,生成每个评价指标的云滴图,计算得到各评价因子的可拓云矩阵,进而将综合权重向量与可拓云矩阵相乘得到综合确定度,根据综合确定度最大原则确定样本沉降风险等级。以昆明某地铁车站施工监测数据为例,用建立的可拓云模型对泥炭质土场地的沉降风险进行评价,最终评价结果与实际监测结果吻合较好,验证了分析方法的合理性及可行性。该评价方法充分考虑了多种因素影响,明确了沉降的风险等级,评价结果为泥炭土场地上建(构)筑物的设计施工及应急处理提供了理论依据。     

Management of life extension for topsides process system of offshore platforms in Chinese Bohai Bay

Technological advances in exploration and production mean that production platforms in Chinese Bohai Bay have many developments that are now operating beyond their original design life. As equipment ages, there are increasing challenges to maintain its integrity. Issues related to LE management of offshore facilities in government regulations, industrial associations and international oil companies were investigated. The results showed that emphasizing the requirements of labor union and industrial associations was a great feature in Norway, which was practical in Chinese Bohai Bay. Therefore, with the combination of the LE management system in Norway with the current situation in Chinese Bohai Bay, LE management model which integrates RBI, RCM, FMECA, and SIL risk assessment methods together was designed in order to improve understanding and ensure that LE issues were addressed across all aspects of asset management during the entire LE period. Finally, an example of three production offshore platforms on a gas field in the Bohai Bay was used to go through the LE management process and address the issues in each phase. The suggestions for improving LE management and technologies were given.     

贮存使用环境对导弹性能的影响机理

目的分析影响导弹性能的主要环境因素及影响机理。方法根据导弹的贮存条件和环境因素的重要性,分析影响导弹性能的主要环境因素,分析总结其影响机理。结果影响导弹性能的主要环境因素包括温度、湿度、振动与冲击、重力、气压和静电,其中温度的主要影响机理是引起力学性能、电器性能、气体和液体对容器的压力、化学反应速度的变化,湿度的影响机理是水膜、凝露的形成和产品的吸湿,振动与冲击的影响机理是疲劳损伤和极限破坏,重力影响固体发动机粘接界面的机理是药柱温度小于平衡温度引起的扯离应力,气压的影响机理是空气压力、空气密度和空气含氧量的变化,静电的影响机理是静电放电和静电引力。结论环境影响导弹性能的机理,对通过设计提高导弹的环境适应能力和使用环境控制都很重要。     

Using Soil and Water Conservation Contests for Extension: Experiences from the Bolivian Mountain Valleys

Soil and water conservation (SWC) contests among farmer groups were organized in five rural villages in the Bolivian mountain valleys. The contests were aimed at quickly achieving widespread sustainable results. This article analyzes the effectiveness of these contests as an extension tool. Mixed results were obtained. In three villages, participation rates in the SWC activities introduced in the contests were still high even 2 years after project withdrawal. These were all villages where a solid foundation for sustainable development had been laid before the contests were held. Two years later, most families were still involved in maintenance of the SWC practices introduced in the contests, and many farmers had started to experiment with different soil management practices. However, replications of these SWC practices were not widespread, Conservation Leaders did not continue with their training activities, and the quality of maintenance of the practices was often not satisfactory. In order to become a more effective extension tool and achieve widespread impact, SWC contests must receive continued support by a catalyst agency. Moreover, other SWC contests should also be organized in which practices are not predefined. Given that SWC contests are a low-budget extension tool, local municipalities could become more actively involved.     

基于可拓学的尾矿库安全评价

为综合评价尾矿库的安全状态,基于尾矿库灾变机理和大量工程实践构建了一套包括3级指标、22个因素的评价指标体系,并确定了评价指标的等级量值区间。采用EAHP和熵权法结合的方式确定指标权重,基于可拓理论评价尾矿库的安全等级。以湖南黄金集团责任有限公司旗下的7座尾矿库为案例,评价其安全状态,根据蒙特卡洛模拟基本理论,基于Crystal Ball对案例进行敏感性分析,找出具体敏感因素,为后期尾矿库安全管理提供简单有效的控制方法。