Same but different: sources of natural resource management advice for lifestyle oriented rural landholders

Amenity migration to attractive and accessible non-metropolitan areas changes social and environmental relations with consequences for natural resource management and landscape composition and trajectories. Lifestyler oriented rural landholders are often cast as a problem for land management and extension. Managers and some researchers see them as a cause of landscape and social fragmentation and report difficulties in engaging such landowners on natural resource management issues and responsibilities. In contrast, limited existing research indicates that lifestylers do join and form networks of personal and other contacts for advice and support in land management. We contribute to this research with a survey of rural landholders in southeastern New South Wales (NSW). We explicitly compare the sources of advice for land management for lifestylers with those of farmers. We focus on the types of sources available to rural landholders in Australian regions and their relative importance to these two landholder groups. We find that lifestylers and farmers are different in their sources of advice but that both prefer personal sources rather than sources such as agencies. We reflect on the significance of the differences for engagement with lifestyle oriented rural landowners and for understanding landscape change.     

Flame extension length of inclined hydrogen jet fire impinging on a water curtain

The use of a water curtain system to prevent fire spread has been extensively investigated, but the case of an inclined jet fire inhibited with a water curtain is not involved. A series of experiments were conducted on inclined hydrogen jet fires with various fuel flow rates, nozzle diameters and inclination angles under the influence of a vertical water curtain. This study aims to explore the burning behaviors of inclined jet flames at the impingement area, specifically the flame extension lengths. The experimental results show that an increase in fuel flow rates or nozzle diameter leads to a larger flame extension length. With the increase of flame inclination angle, the flame extension length decreases and the influence of nozzle diameter on the flame extension length is attenuated. A new dimensionless heat release rate is proposed to correlate with the dimensionless flame extension length by incorporating an air entrainment coefficient. The model built in this study can be used to predict the flame extension length of jet flames with different diameters, fuel flows and inclinations under the influence of a water curtain, and is validated by data in the previous study.     

Estimating Root Zone Soil Moisture at Continental Scale Using Neural Networks

This study investigates the feasibility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to retrieve root zone soil moisture (RZSM) at the depths of 20 cm (SM20) and 50 cm (SM50) at a continental scale, using surface information. To train the ANNs to capture interactions between land surface and various climatic patterns, data of 557 stations over the continental United States were collected. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the ANNs were able to identify input variables that directly affect the water and energy balance in root zone. The data important for RZSM retrieval in a large area included soil texture, surface soil moisture, and the cumulative values of air temperature, surface soil temperature, rainfall, and snowfall. The results showed that the ANNs had high skill in retrieving SM20 with a correlation coefficient above 0.7 in most cases, but were less effective at estimating SM50. The comparison of the ANNs showed that using soil texture data improved the model performance, especially for the estimation of SM50. It was demonstrated that the ANNs had high flexibility for applications in different climatic regions. The method was used to generate RZSM in North America using Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture data, and achieved a spatial soil moisture pattern comparable to that of Global Land Data Assimilation System Noah model with comparable performance to the SMOS surface soil moisture retrievals. The models can be efficient alternatives to assimilate remote sensing soil moisture data for shallow RZSM retrieval.     

可伸缩延长气体采样装置在应急监测中的应用

提出了一种可伸缩延长气体采样装置,并将其与现场气体监测仪器配套使用。初步考察了延长采样装置中Teflon采样管长度对现场监测结果可能产生的影响,并对监测站实验室楼顶废气排出筒气体进行了实际样品监测。结果表明,该装置可有效提高现场应急监测的安全防护保障效果,增加可监测区域范围,使现场应急监测工作能够为突发性环境污染事件的处置提供更多技术支持。     

欧盟电子电器产品生态设计新法中的责任规范研究

当前,快速升级更新的电子电器产品极大地便利和丰富了人们的生活,但随之而来的是数量庞大的电子废弃物,造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染.为解决电子废弃物难题,各国纷纷制定法律和政策形成相应的管理制度,而生态设计逐步成为其中的核心环节.欧盟颁布的电子电器产品生态设计指令将多个主体纳入责任制度框架,体现了科学合理的生产者延伸责任、...     

基于可拓方法的职业危害控制水平预警模型

为了量化职业危害发生的可能性,并为职业病防治提供依据,利用物元分析方法,建立了高危作业有害因素控制水平的综合预警模型。为了避免人为主观因素的影响,采用简单可拓关联函数确定模型中指标权重,并以定量结果确定预警级别。实例验证表明,该模型可用于对职业危害的控制水平做出综合评价,并提供定量的预警信息。     

基于可拓理论的光伏发电项目质量评价研究

为了进一步推广和发展光伏发电项目,将新兴学科的可拓理论引入光伏发电项目质量评价之中,在物元理论和可拓分析的基础上,构建了光伏发电项目可拓评价指标体系和模型,通过计算各项指标相对于各评价等级的关联度,对待评价项目进行了优劣排序。以3个陕西省2012年光伏发电项目为例,论证了该模型合理可靠,实证结果很好的反映了光伏发电项目的质量,为项目决策提供科学的依据。     

基于熵权可拓决策模型的重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力评价

针对目前水土资源承载力评价中存在的信息屏蔽和主观性问题,以重庆三峡库区为例,在构建区域水土资源承载力评价指标体系的基础上,结合可拓学和熵权理论,对其水土资源承载力进行定量评价.结果表明:重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力超载区及向超载转化区包括渝中区、大渡口区等6个区县,占库区总区县个数的27.27％;满载区及向满载转化区包括北碚区、渝北区和巴南区3个区县,占库区总区县个数的13.64％;承载平衡区及向承载平衡转化区包括万州区、涪陵区等7个区县,占库区总区县个数的31.82％;可盈余承载及向可盈余承载转化区包括巫山县、巫溪县等6个区县,占库区总区县个数的27.27％.单指标评价结果表明,重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力主要影响因子是人均水资源量、废水排放率、人均耕地面积等.研究结果对于促进重庆三峡库区水土资源开发利用,并为类似地区的水土资源承载力评价提供了一种新方法.     

基于物元可拓模型的地下水质量评价研究

物元可拓方法是从定性和定量两个角度去处理现实世界中矛盾问题的一种新方法.文章在基于可拓工程方法的基础上,利用物元模型理论,建立了地下水质量评价模型,通过计算综合关联度确定地下水质量等级.由于物元分析中的关联度引入了负数,保证了信息的完整性,能较完整地反映事物的综合质量水平,因此,评价结果更为客观、准确.应用结果表明该方法是合理可行的.     

基于博弈-可拓理论的隧道围岩稳定性评价

针对隧道围岩稳定性评价的模糊性和主观影响问题，建立基于博弈-可拓理论的隧道围岩稳定性评价模型。该模型采用岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体质量指标、完整性系数、体积节理数、声波纵波波速值、地下水渗水量作为隧道围岩稳定性评价指标，运用关联函数法、熵权法和改进层次分析法单独计算各个指标的权系数，利用博弈论组合赋权确定所得3个权系数的最优组合权系数，以此计算出待评隧道围岩关于各稳定性等级的加权关联度，根据计算结果判定待评隧道围岩稳定性等级。实例计算表明:运用博弈-可拓理论评价隧道围岩稳定性等级，综合了主客观因素，使评价结果更为合理可靠，为隧道风险控制与安全管理提供了新的依据。