桉树叶水浸出液对2种海洋微藻生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

运用水样叶绿素荧光仪(Water-PAM)研究了桉树叶水浸出液胁迫下湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)2种海洋微藻叶绿素荧光特性〔包括PS(光系统)Ⅱ的F_v/F₀(潜在活性)、F_v/F_m(最大光能转化效率)、Yield(实际光能转化效率)、ETR(电子传递效率),其中F_m和F₀分别为最大荧光和基础荧光〕的变化,同时监测微藻的生长情况,以研究桉树叶水浸出液对海洋微藻的影响,从而为探讨华南沿海大量种植桉树所造成潜在的海洋生态问题提供一些依据. 结果表明:①低浓度(以φ计,0.4、0.8、1.2mL/L)胁迫在96h内对湛江叉鞭金藻的上述4项荧光参数均无显著影响(P>0.05);高浓度(2.0mL/L)胁迫下,24h时湛江叉鞭金藻的4项荧光参数都处于最低值,48h时处于次低值. 表明高浓度在胁迫早期(48h内)对湛江叉鞭金藻4项荧光参数有抑制作用,而后期(72、96h)这4项荧光参数又恢复到正常水平,抑制作用解除. ②低浓度(0.4、0.8mL/L)胁迫下纤细角毛藻的4项荧光参数在24、48h内均得到促进,而高浓度(2.0mL/L)胁迫下F_v/F_m在24h时为最小值,表现抑制作用;另外3项荧光参数则未受显著影响. 在胁迫后期(72、96h),纤细角毛藻的4项荧光参数均随着胁迫浓度的增大而增加,表现为促进作用. ③就生长情况而言,随着胁迫浓度的增大,2种海洋微藻细胞密度的增长明显变缓. 表明桉树叶水浸出液对2种海洋微藻的生长以及叶绿素荧光特性都有影响,从而将会对整个海洋生态系统产生影响.      

丹参提取液对球形红细菌菌体蛋白及几种酶的影响

为探索球形红细菌对丹参的生物转化机理,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(N-PAGE)分别对丹参水提液、醇提液、醇水提液培养后球形红细菌菌体及纯球形红细菌(PRS)菌体蛋白质(Pro)、酯酶(EST)、细胞色素氧化酶(COD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行分析,比较用丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶变化.结果表明:丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶谱带差别较大,同工酶的电泳迁移率、活性、所表达同工酶的数目及分布均有差异,培养d 2～6蛋白及酶表达量变化最大,d 14～20基本稳定.研究表明丹参能诱导球形红细菌生成新的蛋白质及酶,亦可抑制某些蛋白质和酶的合成;这些蛋白和酶可能参与了丹参化学成分的生物转化.图4参22     

交替冻融对东北典型土壤浸提液碳氮污染指标的影响

以黑土、暗棕壤和水稻土为例,试验研究了交替冻融对土壤溶解性污染物的影响.结果表明,15次交替冻融后(在-20和20 ℃进行冻融处理),黑土浸提液的ρ(COD_Cr)下降了36%,水稻土浸提液上升了8%,暗棕壤浸提液未出现明显变化;黑土浸提液的ρ(NH₄+-N)下降了22%,水稻土浸提液上升了84%,暗棕壤浸提液未出现明显变化;黑土和暗棕壤浸提液的ρ(NO₃--N)分别上升了1.3和1.1倍,而水稻土未出现明显变化.土壤浸提液ρ(COD_Cr),ρ(NH₄+-N)和ρ(NO₃--N)的变化主要取决于土壤含氧水平,有氧条件下浸提液的ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(NH₄+-N)降低而ρ(NO₃--N)升高,缺氧条件下则相反.土壤浸提液的ρ(TN)主要取决于土壤C/N,冻融后黑土、暗棕壤和水稻土浸提液的ρ(TN)分别上升了30%,35%和39%.      

Allelopathic inhibition on red tide microalgae Skeletonema costatum by five macroalgal extracts

This study aims to identify effective antialgal allelochemicals from marine macroalgae that inhibit the growth of red tide microalgae. Practically, new algicidal agents were developed to control red tide. The growth inhibitory effects of 5 marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica, Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha clathrata, and Undaria pinnatifida on Skeletonema costatum were evaluated by adding crude seawater extracts of macroalgal dry tissue into the culture medium containing S. costatum. The half-effective concentrations at 120 h (EC_{50, 120 h}) of the seawater extracts were 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 4.7 g/L for the five macroalgae above, respectively. E. clathrata, L. japonica and U. pertusa showed strong allelopathic effect on the growth of S. costatum. There have been no previous reports with regard to the allelopathic effects of the former two macroalgae so far. The possible allelochemicals of 21 compounds of the E. clathrata were detected using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unsaturated fatty acids, acrylic acid (C₃H₄O₂), and linolenic acid (C₁₈H₃₀O₂) were the most likely allelochemicals in E. clathrata.     

植物提取液处理恶臭气体的研究进展

介绍了近二十年来国内外关于植物提取液治理恶臭气体的研究成果,内容包括植物提取液的应用研究、除臭机理研究及植物提取液提取方法的研究;指出对恶臭气体中的胺类和醚类除臭机理、对植物提取液提取工艺优化的研究是今后研究的重点。     

厌氧系统中酵母浸出物提高Co、Fe生物有效性的研究

采用半连续实验,研究中、低温条件下酵母浸出物对厌氧系统中Co、Fe溶解性能和生物有效性的改善作用.结果表明,酵母浸出物对提高纯水中和投加不同有机基质的水中溶解态Co、Fe浓度有明显效果,能显著提高低温下厌氧系统中Co、Fe的生物有效性.在15℃和35℃下,投加酵母浸出物后,水中溶解态Co、Fe浓度均有上升,其中Fe浓度升高明显.啤酒废水等含有酵母浸出物的废水对这种提升作用也有帮助.在15℃厌氧系统中移除酵母浸出物、Co、Fe之后,COD去除率由91.6%下降到58%;重新投加Co、Fe后效果有所回升,其中同时添加酵母浸出物的系统,其COD去除率回升明显,升幅达31.6%,产甲烷速率也呈上升趋势,证实了同时投加酵母浸出物和Co、Fe可有效促进低温下厌氧生物系统的处理效能.     

Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties

In this present study, we reported broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV–Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24–38 nm for gold and 30–45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally, the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes (sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/mL respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.     

植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站恶臭物质的处理效果

对某2种商品植物除臭剂（代号A和C）进行了NH3和H2S的去除效果实验,确定了其最佳的使用条件;并实验了植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站渗滤液和实际中转站中恶臭气体的处理效果。结果显示,终浓度为0.85 g/m3的植物提取液A对NH3和H2S的去除率最高可达39.9%和92.31%;在城市垃圾中转站试验中,1.02 g/m3的植物提取液A结合超声波雾化装置对NH3和H2S的去除率可达66.67%和96.67%。研究表明利用植物提取液可以有效降低城市垃圾中转站恶臭污染物浓度,而采用超声波雾化装置效果更好。     

含钒石煤烧渣的稳定化试验研究

研究了含钒石煤烧渣稳定化处理的一种有效方法。利用石灰为稳定剂与烧渣相混合进行稳定化处理,渣中的水溶态钒转化为钒酸钙沉淀而降低毒性。浸出试验表明,水中钒浓度〈5mg／h,并且具有长期的稳定性,无二次污染。     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡梳栲胶的研究

以Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌，X-射线衍射（XRD）考察相同条件下粉体的相结构．研究水中橡梳栲胶的光催化降解行为．结果表明，橡梳栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述，即浓度较高时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程；浓度较低时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程．外加H2O2对橡梳栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用，但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值．在远离橡梳栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好，且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率。