两种N源对石油烃降解菌群降解柴油能力的影响

分别以酵母膏作为有机N源,(NH4)2SO4作为无机N源,在含N量相同(70 mmol/L)的条件下,按接种量2%,柴油1%,25℃,150 r/min摇床恒温培养,对海洋石油烃降解菌群进行了为期30 d 的液体摇瓶降解实验,通过GC-MS测定和分析,对柴油中正烷烃的降解情况进行了对比研究.结果表明,对柴油含量为1%的培养液,应用这两种不同N源,降解菌群对正烷烃的最终降解效果相同,均能完全降解,但有机N源只需3 d 时间就能完全降解正烷烃,比无机N源的降解时间短10倍多.因此,酵母膏对柴油的微生物降解具有极大的促进作用.     

硫酸铵-锌试剂-Tween-80萃取分离废镍镉电池金属

以废旧镍镉电池为原料,探索盐酸溶解废镍镉电池的溶解条件,并用ICP仪检测镍镉电池溶液中金属离子含量。研究了硫酸铵-锌试剂-Tween-80体系萃取分离金属离子Ni（Ⅱ）,Cd（Ⅱ）,Co（Ⅱ）的行为。实验表明：Ni（Ⅱ）,Co（Ⅱ）在pH6-9范围内,与锌试剂形成的螯合物可被Tween-80相完全萃取,而Cd（Ⅱ）基本不被萃取。进而实现了镍镉电池溶液中的Ni（Ⅱ）,Co（Ⅱ）离子与Cd（Ⅱ）离子的分离。     

含钛矿渣的生产及综合利用新进展

高炉法冶炼钒钛磁铁矿过程中生产了大量含TiO225%左右的高钛渣,总结了高钛高炉渣提钛技术和制备新材料方面取得的新进展,指出了高钛高炉渣综合利用的难点,比较有发展前景的工艺及应该遵循的原则。针对转底炉预还原-电炉熔分方法处理钒钛磁铁矿生产出的TiO2品位在40%左右的钛渣,提出了两步调渣法新工艺,并进行了理论分析,为钛资源的综合利用提供一条新途径。     

水生植物提取液对蓝藻的抑制作用

采用对照试验,模拟研究不同氮磷营养、水温等条件下,添加水生植物（睡莲）提取液对蓝藻生长的抑制作用。实验证实了植物提取液对蓝藻有抑制作用,在不同生长条件下,细胞密度为6×10^7～2×10^10个／L时,可达到降低蓝藻50％的生长率。     

稻草浸泡液对藻类抑制作用机制

室内研究了不同降解方式和降解时间的稻草浸泡液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效果及其抑藻机制.结果表明,稻草本身存在抑藻活性物质,低温浸泡4 d的无菌稻草液在2.5 g/L投加量下,对微囊藻的抑制作用达到了69.3%.在稻草浸泡液抑藻过程中,稻草产生的化学物质作用和生物作用同时存在,其相对大小取决于稻草的降解方式和降解时间.对于厌氧降解浸泡液而言,主要通过化学物质的作用抑藻,其抑藻效果随稻草厌氧降解时间的延长明显减弱,如厌氧浸泡15　d和30 d的稻草液在1.5 g/L浓度下其抑制率分别为83％和46％;好氧降解浸泡液主要通过生物作用抑藻.其抑藻效果随稻草好氧降解时间的延长而增强,如1.5 g/L投加量下,15和30 d好氧降解带生物相的稻草浸泡液对微囊藻的抑制率分别为81％和93％.     

生物样品中含PBDEs在内的复合污染组分的抗雌激素效应

为初步探讨电子废物拆解导致的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)及其类似物构成的复合污染的潜在生态/健康风险,从电子废物拆解区的三黄鸡血液和肝脏样品中提取了包含PBDEs在内的复合污染组分,分别体外暴露乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞6d,检测细胞增殖和雌激素靶基因pS2的mRNA表达.结果表明,包含多种PBDEs在内的复合污染组分在不产生细胞毒性的前提下,可显著抑制MCF-7细胞增殖和雌激素靶基因pS2的mRNA表达,表现出抗雌激素活性.此结果提示由电子废物拆解造成的复合污染对生物体和人体可能存在潜在的生态/健康风险.     

碱性蚀刻废液的萃取电积再生

简要分析了碱性蚀刻废液的特点,总结了萃取电积法再生碱性蚀刻废液的基本原理,并进行了工程应用和环境效益分析。结果表明,碱性蚀刻再生液的蚀刻速率达60 m/min,蚀刻因子为3.5以上,回收铜纯度为99.95%。     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

胞外多聚物及其对废水生物处理的影响

胞外多聚物(EPS)是包裹在活性污泥微生物外的聚合物,在废水生物处理中起重要的作用。主要介绍胞外多聚物的特性、提取方法、组分测定方法以及对废水生物处理的影响。