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91.
Sirpa Herve Harry F. Prest Pertti Heinonen Tarja Hyötyläinen Jaana Koistinen Jaakko Paasivirta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(1):24-30
Semipermeable membrane sampling devices (SPMDs) and caged lake mussels (Anodonta piscinalis) were simultaneously deployed at four lake watercourse sites in Central Finland four weeks in August 1992. This study was
part of the regular annual monitoring of the organochlorine compounds (OCC) in pulp-mill recipient watercourses of Finland
with bivalves. Chlorohydrocarbons (CHCs), chlorophenol compounds (PCPs), chloroanisoles (PCAs) and chloroveratroles (PCVs)
were analyzed from lipid extract of mussels and from the synthetic triolein lipid of the SPMDs. Hexane-diethyl ether (9:1,
v/v) dialysis using polyethylene membrane was applied in dean up of the SPMD lipids and, for comparison, to six sets of the
mussel fat. Dialysis recovered CHCs but not PCPs from the mussel fat. CHCs, PCPs, PCAs and PCVs were all recovered in dialysis
of the SPMD lipid. Handling of SPMDs in the transport and deployment operations caused significant OCC contamination for the
blank SPMDs. Similar trends were revealed in the OCC profiles for mussels ans SPMDs. An exception was the lack of PCPs appearing
in SPMDs that did appear in mussels and in a complementary manner the appearance of the PCAs and PCVs in SPMDs. 相似文献
92.
自然温度(12~21℃)、贫营养、活性污泥提取物等目前提高菌群可培养性的方法用于培养活性污泥好氧异养菌群的结果显示,这些方法均能显著提高平板培养基的分离培养能力.含活性污泥提取物的贫营养培养基ASEⅡ培养细菌的数量可占细菌总数的23.2%,在所有培养基中最高,而营养最丰富的培养基MRS培养细菌的数量只占细菌总数的8.82%,在所有培养基中最低.图1表4参14 相似文献
93.
ABSTRACT Cr (VI) being used in various activities of industries and its improper treatment lead to contamination of environment. Among different methods, biological is the most efficient method to control pollution from soils affected with metals. Present study was designed to assess the role of Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PS5 for adsorption, Cr (VI) reduction and mechanism of reduction. Sorption of chromium (VI) by strain PS5 was obtained by batch equilibrium method. Cr (VI) reduction in both free and immobilised cells were evaluated by 1,5-Diphenyl Carbazide method. The formation of biofilm by Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PS5 was observed for colour change as well as quantified spectrophotometrically. Analysis kits were used to measure the amount of eDNA, superoxide and malondialdehyde (MDA). Metal resistant strain PS5 was characterised as P. thiaminolyticus using 16S rRNA gene sequence. Maximum biosorption of Cr (VI) by strain PS5 was found at pH 6–8 and 100–400 µgCr/mL within 24 hours of incubation. Complete reduction of Cr (VI) by strain PS5 was achieved at pH 6–8 and100–300 µg/mL Cr (VI). Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus PS5 immmobilisation on sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol facilitated complete reduction of Cr (VI) within 18 hours due to the formation of more biofilm under metal stress conditions. Strain PS5 reduced almost all Cr (VI) into Cr (III) in supernatant, most of which was immobilised by cell debris. Experiments confirmed the reduction of Cr (VI) by cytosolic cell-free extracts which is a mechanism of detoxification. The release of exopolysaccharides and antioxidants by strain PS5 played a protective role against cell damage by Cr (VI) as Cr (VI) could not release the significant amount of eDNA, superoxide and MDA. The present study proved strain PS5 to be a super bioinoculant which has great capacity for adsorption, biotransformation and can activate cytosolic reductases, exopolysaccharides and antioxidants against oxidative damage. 相似文献
94.
待测样经蒸馏、乙醚萃取、氢氧化钠反萃取后,常见干扰物质均可以除去,PCP-Na溶液在波长320nm处有最大的吸收峰,其它酚类物质在该波长处不干扰测定。本法操作简便、快速、准确、经济,稳定性好。本法测定PCP-Na的回收率,在水中为100.74%,在土壤中为91.45%。 相似文献
95.
Cu、Cd污染背景下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在重金属污染加重及多样化的背景下,入侵植物对本地植物种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应可能发生改变甚至增强。因此,本文探究了Cu和Cd单污染及其复合污染下入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对其本地近缘种莴苣种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应。结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液处理及3种重金属污染类型和加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液复合处理均显著降低莴苣种子发芽指数,表明重金属和加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液均对莴苣的种子萌发和生长产生明显生态毒理效应。Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣幼苗株高产生的生态毒理效应显著大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应,而在Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣幼苗发芽速度指数产生的生态毒理效应也大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应(未达到显著水平)。这表明在Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣种子萌发产生的生态毒理效应大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应,即Cu和Cd复合污染可能对加拿大一枝黄花对本地植物种子萌发和生长产生的生态毒理效应具有一定的叠加效应。 相似文献
96.
四种生物质材料水浸提液对锌污染土壤的淋洗效果研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了在去除土壤中过量锌的同时达到保障土壤质量安全的目的,通过振荡淋洗实验研究了洋铁酸模、淡竹叶、油菜花和枫杨等4种生物质材料的水浸提液在不同浓度、p H、时间条件下对锌污染土壤的淋洗效果.结果表明,在25℃、200 r·min-1恒温振荡条件下,4种淋洗剂对锌的淋洗率随着淋洗液浓度的升高呈上升趋势;淋洗率受p H值的影响且随着p H的增加而逐渐降低;而淋洗时间对淋洗率影响较小.当4种淋洗液的浓度为4%、p H为5.0,振荡2 h条件下时达到最佳淋洗率,分别为48.33%、33.69%、49.82%和49.32%. 相似文献
97.
98.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):653-664
Abstract Crude enzyme from a soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, was isolated from a field soil following repeated applications of metolachlor [2-Chloro-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)-2′-ethyl-6′-methyl acetanilide]. Metolachlor hydrolysis by the crude enzyme extract was determined by enzyme assay. The tests were performed in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and the reaction was carried out at two herbicide concentrations (20 and 100 μg mL?1) and two crude extract volumes (0.2 and 0.5 mL of the homogenized crude extract mixture). The rate of metolachlor degradation was found faster in samples containing higher volume of crude extract, (T 1/2, 5.7 h) for both concentrations of the herbicide. The activities of enzymes responsible for dechlorination coupled with hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, and breaking of amide linkage were found responsible in the degradation. 相似文献
99.
Carla L. Barberis Cecilia S. Carranza Stella M. Chiacchiera Carina E. Magnoli 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):1070-1079
The effect of six glyphosate concentrations on growth rate and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains under different water activity (aW) on maize-based medium was investigated. In general, the lag phase decreased as glyphosate concentration increased and all the strains showed the same behavior at the different conditions tested. The glyphosate increased significantly the growth of all Aspergillus section Flavi strains in different percentages with respect to control depending on pesticide concentration. At 5.0 and 10 mM this fact was more evident; however significant differences between both concentrations were not observed in most strains. Aflatoxin B1 production did not show noticeable differences among different pesticide concentrations assayed at all aW in both strains. This study has shown that these Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains are able to grow effectively and produce aflatoxins in high nutrient status media over a range of glyphosate concentrations under different water activity conditions. 相似文献
100.
以Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2 薄膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌,X-射线衍射(XRD)考察相同条件下粉体的相结构.研究水中橡椀栲胶的光催化降解行为.结果表明,橡椀栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述,即浓度较高时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程;浓度较低时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程.外加H2O2对橡椀栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用,但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值.在远离橡椀栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好,且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率. 相似文献