环境因素对供应链中生产者食品安全行为的影响机制仿真分析

通过食品安全环境因素的改善和规范,来提高食品安全效果是具有现实意义的。本文归纳了影响食品安全的环境因素,特别是影响生产者食品安全行为的环境因素;环境因素对供应链食品安全的影响主要体现在生产者食品安全行为的选择上,为此,设计了环境因素对供应链生产者食品安全行为影响机制;为了分析环境因素对供应链中生产者食品安全的影响,从生产者食品安全行为的影响机制中选取了消费者食品安全意愿、生产者市场占有率、罚款金额等环境因素,以生鲜蔬果供应链中覆盖流通领域的那个部分提出了生产者食品安全行为选择策略的仿真模型,使用Netlogo软件进行了多主体仿真。通过仿真发现,食品监管的手法还宜细化,提升技术因素可以有效改善中国的食品安全水平。     

The causes of food waste in the supplier-retailer interface: Evidences from the UK and Spain

Food and drink waste is a significant problem for economic, environmental and food security reasons. Government efforts have focused on diverting waste away from landfill through regulation, taxation and public awareness. However, efforts to understand why waste occurs have been limited, particularly in the interface between retailers and suppliers. This research aims to address this problem by identifying the main root causes of waste in the supplier-retailer interface.The research is exploratory in nature as there is a paucity of studies focusing on food waste across the supply chain. Data were collected through 43 interviews with managers in food manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing in two countries: the UK (24) and Spain (19). Data from the interviews and supplementary documentation were analyzed using causal maps. This approach helped to identify the main root causes of waste which were categorized into three groups: (1) mega-trends in the marketplace, (2) natural causes related to the products and processes, and (3) management root causes on which practitioners have a direct impact.The paper discusses the root causes of food waste and good practices identified from the interviews. Differences between the UK and Spain are discussed, presenting potential learning opportunities for practitioners in these countries and highlighting opportunities for further research.     

Designing a mixed performance measurement system for environmental supply chain management using evolutionary game theory and balanced scorecard: A case study of an auto industry supply chain

This paper proposes a mixed performance measurement system using a combination of evolutionary game theory and the balanced scorecard (BSC) in environmental supply chain management (ESCM) that measures and evaluates business operations using the four different perspectives of finance, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. ESCM plays an important role in the supply chain which leads to the reduction, reuse and recycling of resources involved in both upstream and downstream activities. This paper presents guidance for practical managers in evaluating and measuring ESCM by developing a knowledge-based BSC and evolutionary game theory. The primary purpose of this paper is to apply the proposed method in a case study to one of Iran's biggest auto industry supply chain SAIPA Company. The results of this study indicate that the adoption of ESCM, in the absence of regulatory pressures and cost-saving measures is triggered by public pressures and its implementation is limited by organizational factors and strategic myopia.     

基于本质安全的供应链风险识别方法研究

由于集成供应链的构成较为复杂,来自供应链内部、外部的风险因素众多,单凭建立附加的防护系统并不能从根本上解决集成供应链的风险损失问题。因而需要从本质安全的视角出发,从根源上辨识风险源,及时发现供应链中的薄弱环节,消除因风险隐患及控制风险而造成的损失。SCOR模型可以清晰地将整个供应链的组成结构、操作流程描述出来,以此为基础运用模型的顶层、配置层、元素层和实施层这4个层级对集成供应链风险进行了研究。根据集成供应链主体构成的特点将供应链整体风险划分为5类,分别为需求风险、供应风险、运作过程风险、环境风险以及制度风险。并通过建立供应链风险识别指标体系以有针对性地识别某一企业的供应链风险。     

碳链延长技术在有机资源回收领域的研究进展

本文综述了碳链延长技术在处理有机废料及碳资源回收领域的优势,梳理了其发展历程为后续研究提供方向指导,阐释了其生化代谢途径中物质转变、能量传递和信号传输等机理,验证了其延长为丁酸、己酸等产物的热力和动力学可行性,总结归纳了其已优化的关键反应参数和已运行的工程试验案例等方面内容.本文为揭示细胞碳链延长机制和应用碳链延长技术于实际废料治理提供理论基础和建议展望.     

Do microbial processes regulate the stability of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem?

Complex marine ecosystems contain multiple feedback cycles that can cause unexpected responses to perturbations. To better predict these responses, complicated models are increasingly being developed to enable the study of feedback cycles. However, the sparseness of ecological data often limits the direct empirical parameterization of all model parameters. Here we use a Bayesian inverse analysis approach to synthesize empirical data and ecological theory derived from published studies of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem (Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia). We then use the estimates of flux magnitudes to parameterize probabilistic compartment models with two forms of heterotrophic consumption: (1) “bottom-up” donor-controlled heterotrophic consumption and (2) “top-down” mass-action heterotrophic consumption. We explore how the flux magnitudes affect the ecosystem's stability properties of resilience, reactivity, and resistance under both assumptions for heterotrophic consumption. The models suggest that the microbial uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulates the long term rate of return to steady state following a temporary or pulse perturbation (resilience), and the cycling of carbon between abiotic pools and heterotrophic compartments regulates the short-term response (reactivity). In the bottom-up process model, the sensitivity of steady state masses following a sustained or press perturbation (resistance) is highest for the DOC pool following a sustained change to the microbial uptake rate of DOC. Further, a change in the microbial uptake of DOC propagates through the ecosystem and affects the steady state values of zooplankton. The analysis suggests that the food web is highly dependent on the recycling between the abiotic and biotic carbon pools, particularly as mediated by the microbial consumption of DOC, and this recycling determines how the ecosystem responds to perturbations.     

Beyond Substantial Equivalence: Ethical Equivalence

The concept of substantial equivalence,introduced for the risk assessment of geneticallymodified (GM) food, is a reducing concept because itignores the context in which these products have beenproduced and brought to the consumer at the end of thefood chain. Food quality cannot be restricted to meresubstance and food acts on human beings not only atthe level of nutrition but also through theirrelationship to environment and society. To make thiscontext explicit, I will introduce an ``equivalencescale' for the evaluation of food chains (GM or notGM). By contrast with substantial equivalence, whichinvolves mainly quantitative, analytical methods ofevaluation, ``qualitative equivalence' refers to ``less'or non-substantial factors that require new methodsof evaluation based on qualitative principles.``Ethical equivalence' refers to factors that show themoral value contained in food products. To analyze thedifferent levels at which ethics is needed in foodchains, I will use the French principles: ``Liberty,Equality, Fraternity,' or freedom, equality,solidarity, and add a fourth principle:sustainability. Sustainability, solidarity, andfreedom can be applied to the evaluation ofenvironmental, socio-economic, and socio-culturalethical equivalence, respectively. Equality refers tojustice and should operate so as to guarantee thatsustainability, solidarity, and freedom are satisfied.I suggest that ethics can provide a basis for arenewal of the food chain concept. Besides QualityAssurance, it is now essential to develop an ``EthicalAssurance' and this equivalence scale could provide abasis to set up ``Ethical Assurance Standards' (EAS)for food chains.     

改善链条炉燃烧的几种有效方法

采用燃煤布湿和安装分层燃烧装置 ,较好地解决了锅炉燃烧不完全的问题 ,降低了煤耗 ,提高了锅炉的热效率     

投放底栖动物强化水耕植物过滤法的净水效果

在水耕植物过滤法净水系统中的植物栽培廊道中,通过投放2种底栖动物螺蛳和泥鳅延长食物链后,TN、TP、TOC、Chl.a的去除效果均比未投放底栖动物的廊道有所提高.投放螺蛳的效果最为显著,TN、TP、Chl.a的去除率增幅分别达54%、27%和26%,比较了不同廊道中底泥的硝化、反硝化潜力,投放螺蛳的廊道其反硝化潜力最大,为9.08×10^-7g/(g·h),而硝化潜力最小,为3.65×10^-6g/(g·h).除氮能力大幅增加的原因,是由于螺蛳的引入增加了物质在食物链营养级传递中的损耗,另一方面是由于螺蛳的存在提高了底泥的反硝化潜力.     

定量RT-PCR检测雌二醇诱导的青鳉鱼基因表达

采用实时定量RT-PCR(Q-RT-PCR)方法,对暴露60d雌二醇的雄性青鳉鱼肝脏内卵黄蛋白原(VTG)和卵壳前体蛋白(CHG)基因表达进行研究.结果表明,0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0ng/L的雌二醇使肝脏内VTG-I,VTG-II,CHG-L和CHG-H基因表达被显著诱导.其中VTG-I显示出较好的剂量—效应关系,是较为理想的生物标记物基因.在0.1ng/L雌二醇暴露组中,VTG-I和VTG-II的表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明本方法具有检测环境中低剂量雌二醇暴露的潜力.