Recent trends in the decomposition of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons by ultrasound irradiation and Fenton's reagent

Over the past few years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the use of ultrasound for decomposition of harmful organic pollutants, particularly chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (CAH) in wastewater. The published reports cover a variety of applications, including both ultrasonic treatment alone and in combination with other methods, e.g., advanced chemical oxidation processes. This article presents a review of recent work on ultrasonic-based methods of CAH decomposition, with emphasis on the applications of ultrasound alone and in combination with Fenton's reagent, as attractive advanced oxidation systems. In the first part of this review, the basic principles of sonochemical treatment are presented, followed by a review of the applications of ultrasound alone for CAH degradation. In the second part, the mechanisms of CAH degradation with Fenton's reagent and its application for CAH degradation are summarized. In the final part, studies on the applications of ultrasound together with Fenton's reagent are reviewed. The reported results suggest that a combination of ultrasound and Fenton's reagent is more attractive for practical application than the use of either method separately. Further studies, however, are required in this area because the reaction mechanism and the relationship between the reaction rates and process parameters for such a combined process are not yet well established.     

Fenton试剂氧化—石灰法处理苎麻脱胶废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化一石灰法处理苎麻脱胶废水（简称废水）。在pH为8．3的废水中FeSO4·7H2O、H2O2、饱和石灰乳的加入量分别为1．5g／L、1．0mL／L和1．0mL／L的条件下对废水进行处理,废水COD由650mg／L降至200mg／L以下,COD去除率约为70％;色度由500倍降至70倍以下,色度去除率约为90％,出水COD和色度均达到GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准）中的二级排放标准。     

Fenton氧化破解污水处理厂污泥

研究了Fenton氧化反应的影响因素pH值、H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比、反应温度和反应时间对污泥破解效果的影响,并以污泥上清液中蛋白质、糖类、SCOD及污泥TSS、VSS的变化来表征污泥破解的程度。结果表明,最佳破解条件为：pH=5,最佳H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比为24：1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为90 min,在该条件下,SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和多糖分别由88.76、19.70和14.95 mg/L增加到3 714.64、2 039.90和289.70 mg/L;TSS及VSS分别由34.60 g/L、19.76 g/L降为26.60 g/L、14.22 g/L,去除率分别为23.12%和 28.14%。Fenton氧化破解污泥,能够有效促进污泥絮体分解,有利于进行后续的厌氧消化处理。     

Removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water by electrogenerated Fenton's reagent

Aqueous solutions of organophosphorus pesticides were completely mineralized via in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals (HO^·) by the Electro-Fenton process. Formation of Fenton's reagent (H₂O₂, Fe²⁺) was carried out by simultaneous reduction of O₂ and Fe³⁺ on carbon cathode in acidic medium. The electrochemistry combined with Fenton's reagent provides an excellent way to continuously produce the hydroxyl radical, a powerful oxidant. We demonstrate the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process to degrade three organophosphorus insecticides: malathion, parathion ethyl and tetra-ethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP). Degradation kinetics and removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) have been investigated. Here we show that the mineralization efficiency was over 80% for three organophosphorus pesticides.     

纳氏试剂比色法测定海水中的氨氮

进行了用纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中氨氮的试验。试验表明，可用酒石酸钾钠溶液—氢氧化钠溶液作为掩蔽剂排除海水中钙、镁离子对测定的干扰。着重对氢氧化钠溶液用量、显色剂用量和显色时间进行了试验，以用200g／L氢氧化钠溶液2．5mL，纳氏试剂1．5mL，显色25min为最佳测定条件，并对水样中的盐度影响作了考察。氨氮质量浓度在0．01mg／L—0．40mg/L范围内符合比耳定律，检出限为0．01mg／L；平行样相对偏差为9％，加标回收率在91％—108％之间；相对盐度为10—32的海水可以直接测定。     

磁芬顿处理酸性黑10B模拟废水的实验研究

研究不同磁化时间、磁场强度和催化氧化各种影响因素下芬顿试剂对酸性黑10B染料模拟废水的去除率。结果表明:对于100mL酸性黑10B染料模拟废水,在pH=3,FeSO4.7H2O=500mg,H2O2=0.4mL条件下,反应20min,COD去除率达90.3%。外加磁场磁场强度为427.8mT的作用下,磁化反应20min,COD的去除率提高了3.7%。     

不同调理剂对厌氧石化污泥脱水性能的影响研究

以厌氧消化后的石化污泥为研究对象,研究聚合硫酸亚铁(PFS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、Fenton试剂对厌氧石化污泥脱水性能的影响,再对调理后的厌氧污泥通过板框压滤机压滤脱水,考察其脱水难易程度。研究结果表明:相比无机絮凝剂PFS、PAC和有机絮凝剂PAM,Fenton试剂(七水合硫酸亚铁加到15,20,25 g/L时,H_2O_2溶液投加量为5 m L/L)的调理效果较好,调理后污泥的毛细吸水时间分别降低至36.82,18.3,27.28 s,污泥比阻分别降低至4.22×1011,1.23×1011,2.45×1011cm/g;采用FPS、PAC、PAM、Fenton(H_2O_2溶液投加量为5 m L/L,Fe SO4·7H2O加到15,20,25 g/L时)调理后的污泥,经过板框脱水后的泥饼含水率分别为68.65%、64.19%、67.21%、57.46%、55.83%、59.36%。由此可见,最优的厌氧石化污泥脱水调理剂为Fenton试剂(Fe SO4·7H2O、H_2O_2投加量分别为20 g/L、5 m L/L),该研究对厌氧石化污泥的高干脱水和减量化具有参考价值。     

芬顿试剂和湿式过氧化氢氧化法处理乳化液废水研究

研究了常温下芬顿试剂氧化乳化液废水的特性,当进水COD为50540mg·L-1,常温下芬顿试剂氧化的最佳条件为H2O2/COD的质量浓度比为2.0,Fe2 /COD的质量浓度比为0.075时,其COD去除约91%;常温下芬顿试剂氧化乳化液废水时存在明显的诱导期,用表观一级模型分别解释了快速和慢速的反应过程.另外,进一步研究了以H2O2替代部分或全部空气即湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺的氧化能力,湿式双氧水氧化可显著降低亚铁投量(Fe2 投量为50mg·L-1),150℃时COD去除率为82.4%;以少量的双氧水(H2O2/COD=0.05)为引发剂,在120℃下COD去除率达52.0%,催化效果显著.     

富氧空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定水样中锶

研究了富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锶的方法,优化了实验条件,选择了最佳的观察高度、氧气流量和乙炔流量,研究了有机试剂的增感作用,0.5%的磺基水杨酸可以提高测定的灵敏度约40%,并可很好的抑制共存离子的干扰,方法的检出限为4ng/mL,该法快速、简便、准确,适合一般水样中痕量锶的测定。     

CLT酸生产废水的Fenton氧化预处理试验研究

针对CLT酸生产废水高含盐、高有机物浓度、难生物降解的特点,采用Fenton氧化对CLT酸生产废水进行了预处理试验研究,考察并确定了H2O2和FeSO4·7H2O用量及二者的摩尔比,pH值以及反应时间对H2O2剩余量以及COD去除率的影响.试验结果表明,在废水的初始pH值3~4,H2O2和FeSO4·7H2O的投加量分别为20mL/L和10g/L,反应时间为30min时,反应过程中H2O2恰好全部消耗,COD的去除率为56%.Fenton氧化预处理能明显改善CLT酸废水的可生化性,原水的BOD5/COD值为0.075,经最佳试验条件处理后可升高至0.37.GC-MS分析结果表明,原水中检测到的6种主要苯系有机污染物在Fenton氧化后均未检出,利于废水后续进行生化处理.试验表明,采用Fenton氧化技术对CLT酸生产废水进行预处理是可行的.