Fenton法处理卫生填埋渗滤液——从模型放大到中试的问题初探

在中试厂中进行了Fenton法处理卫生填埋渗滤液的试验,以检验根据小试结果得出的统计模型。对三种不同渗滤液的试验发现,COD去除率与模型推出的几种最佳操作条件无关,三种渗滤液的COD去除率分别为35.0±2.2%、42.1±1.0%及50.6±5.6%。这表明不仅中试结果和模型预测(>80%)之间存在较大的差异,而且不同渗滤液的处理程度也存在一定的差异,其中一个原因是各种渗滤液的组分各有差异,因此不能用一种渗滤液的处理结果去预测其它渗滤液。而中试时较低的反应温度是造成试验结果和模型之间存在差异的另一个原因。     

新型杂环三氮烯类光度试剂与镍的显色体系研究

光度法检测微量镍发展的核心是制备高灵敏的显色剂,而杂环三氮烯类试剂由于其显色反应的灵敏度高、选择性好,是热点研究方向。本文以新合成的1-(偶氮苯基)-3-(3-硝基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯(简称AB-NPT)为显色剂,研究了它与镍的高灵敏显色体系,结果表明:在pH值为10.8~11.6范围内Na2B4O7-NaOH的缓冲溶液中,ABNPT在非离子表面活性剂Tween-100存在下与镍形成红色稳定的配合物,其最大吸收波长为535 nm。该显色体系大大提高了测定方法的选择性和抗干扰性,优于其它光度法测镍。采用此法用于矿样中微量镍的测定,结果令人满意,有较强的应用背景和社会效益。     

萃取法处理萤光废水

采用萃取法处理萤光废水，最佳萃取工艺条件如下：ｐＨ为１，废水：萃取剂：稀释剂为２０：２：５。在此工艺条件下，萤光废水ＣＯＤ去除率可达９１％－９８％，色度去除率达９９．８％。萃取剂可再生回用，在萃取相中按萃取剂（包括络合物）的量加入等体积的浓度为２０％的ＮａＯＨ溶液，在９５－１０５℃加热回流５－１０ｍｉｎ，即可使萃取剂得到再生。     

焦粉成型技术

冶金、化工、电石生产企业 ,因生产工艺要求需要将大块的焦炭破碎成一定粒度的块焦 ,破碎过程要产生2 0 %— 2 5 %的焦粉。本文针对目前工业废弃焦粉再利用问题 ,通过深入调查 ,反复试验 ,取得了很好的效果。为冶金、化工、电石生产企业废弃焦粉成型再利用找到一条切实可行的方法     

钢渣脱除烧结烟气中二氧化硫的实验研究

通过对钢渣的分析，确定了其作为脱硫剂的可能性。从钢渣在不同操作条件下脱硫的实验研究看，钢渣能有效地脱除烟气中的SO2，在湿润状态、低流速条件下，微细钢渣的脱硫能力较强，钢渣作为脱硫剂使用将具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water by electrogenerated Fenton's reagent

Aqueous solutions of organophosphorus pesticides were completely mineralized via in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals (HO^·) by the Electro-Fenton process. Formation of Fenton's reagent (H₂O₂, Fe²⁺) was carried out by simultaneous reduction of O₂ and Fe³⁺ on carbon cathode in acidic medium. The electrochemistry combined with Fenton's reagent provides an excellent way to continuously produce the hydroxyl radical, a powerful oxidant. We demonstrate the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process to degrade three organophosphorus insecticides: malathion, parathion ethyl and tetra-ethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP). Degradation kinetics and removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) have been investigated. Here we show that the mineralization efficiency was over 80% for three organophosphorus pesticides.     

AN防御蜡梅酸致损伤最佳条件选择

本文以蜡梅光合速率、叶绿素含量、质膜透性为生理指标，研究了ＡＮ对酸雨引起蜡梅损伤的防御作用与最佳作用条件，实验结果表明，以酸雨处理前２４ｈ处理后４８ｈ时间内，喷施１００ｐｐｍＡＮ３次的防御效应最佳。     

Fenton试剂对孔雀绿废水的脱色处理研究

对Fenton试剂(过氧化氢与催化剂亚铁离子构成的氧化体系)氧化孔雀绿染料褪色的条件进行了研究,运用条件变化前后吸光度变化的方法,计算孔雀绿染料的脱色率,考察了过氧化氢、孔雀绿、亚铁离子的用量比例以及溶液pH值的大小、反应温度和反应时间对孔雀绿废水脱色率的影响.得出如下结论:在pH为3.0,过氧化氢浓度为4.87毫摩尔每升,亚铁离子浓度为0.12毫摩尔每升,孔雀绿浓度为12毫克每升比例条件下,30℃反应0.5小时以上,孔雀绿废水的脱色率达到99.7％.用该方法处理孔雀绿废水,操作简单、快速、消耗低、无二次污染.     

Recent trends in the decomposition of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons by ultrasound irradiation and Fenton's reagent

Over the past few years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the use of ultrasound for decomposition of harmful organic pollutants, particularly chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (CAH) in wastewater. The published reports cover a variety of applications, including both ultrasonic treatment alone and in combination with other methods, e.g., advanced chemical oxidation processes. This article presents a review of recent work on ultrasonic-based methods of CAH decomposition, with emphasis on the applications of ultrasound alone and in combination with Fenton's reagent, as attractive advanced oxidation systems. In the first part of this review, the basic principles of sonochemical treatment are presented, followed by a review of the applications of ultrasound alone for CAH degradation. In the second part, the mechanisms of CAH degradation with Fenton's reagent and its application for CAH degradation are summarized. In the final part, studies on the applications of ultrasound together with Fenton's reagent are reviewed. The reported results suggest that a combination of ultrasound and Fenton's reagent is more attractive for practical application than the use of either method separately. Further studies, however, are required in this area because the reaction mechanism and the relationship between the reaction rates and process parameters for such a combined process are not yet well established.     

微电解和过氧化氢工艺处理对氯硝基苯废水

采用铁碳微电解法和过氧化氢组合工艺处理对氯硝基苯废水。考察了初始浓度、pH、过氧化氢的用量对对氯硝基苯废水去除率的影响,初步探讨了铁碳微电解法对对氯硝基苯去除效率的动力学规律。结果表明:组合技术可以对对氯硝基苯废水进行有效处理,反应遵循一级反应规律。在铁碳处理过的废水中加入0.1mL/L的H2 O2可以使对氯硝基苯的去除率达到100%。所以,本方法用于对氯硝基苯废水的预处理是切实可行的。