Sulfate removal from waste chemicals by precipitation

Chemical oxidation using Fenton's reagent has proven to be a viable alternative to the oxidative destruction of organic pollutants in mixed waste chemicals, but the sulfate concentration in the treated liquor was still above the acceptable limits for effluent discharge. In this paper, the feasibility of sulfate removal from complex laboratory wastewaters using barium and calcium precipitation was investigated. The process was applied to different wastewater cases (two composite samples generated in different periods) in order to study the effect of the wastewater composition on the sulfate precipitation. The experiments were performed with raw and oxidized wastewater samples, and carried out according to the following steps: (1) evaluate the pH effect upon sulfate precipitation on raw wastewaters at pH range of 2-8; (2) conduct sulfate precipitation experiments on raw and oxidized wastewaters; and (3) characterize the precipitate yielded. At a concentration of 80 g L(-1), barium precipitation achieved a sulfate removal up to 61.4% while calcium precipitation provided over 99% sulfate removal in raw and oxidized wastewaters and for both samples. Calcium precipitation was chosen to be performed after Fenton's oxidation; hence this process configuration favors the production of higher quality precipitates. The results showed that, when dried at 105 degrees C, the precipitate is composed of hemidrate and anhydrous calcium sulfate ( approximately 99.8%) and trace metals ( approximately 0.2%: Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ag, Mg, K, Na), what makes it suitable for reuse in innumerous processes.     

Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣

采用Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣。考察了FeSO_4用量、H_2O_2用量、反应温度、反应时间对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在FeSO_4用量为20.5 mg/g、H_2O_2用量为0.6 g/g、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h的最优条件下,清漆渣、色漆渣、底漆渣3种漆渣的干基减量率均为20%左右,湿基减量率分别为67.9%、48.2%和64.2%,3种产物的脱水性能均有不同程度的提高,处理后废液的COD均为2 000 mg/L左右。采用Fenton试剂处理后的清漆渣产物粒径与原料相似,产物颗粒球形度高,表面粗糙,内部为多孔结构,产物作为固体燃料时燃烧更充分。Fenton试剂处理未对漆渣中的树脂主体产生较大的破坏。     

Degradation of azo dyes in water by Electro-Fenton process

The degradation of the azo dyes azobenzene, p-methyl red and methyl orange in aqueous solution at room temperature has been studied by an advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOPs) under potential-controlled electrolysis conditions, using a Pt anode and a carbon felt cathode. The electrochemical production of Fenton's reagent (H₂O₂, Fe²⁺) allows a controlled in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (^·OH) by simultaneous reduction of dioxygen and ferrous ions on the carbon felt electrode. In turn, hydroxyl radicals react with azo dyes, thus leading to their mineralization into CO₂ and H₂O. The chemical composition of the azo dyes and their degradation products during electrolysis were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The following degradation products were identified: hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, pyrocatechol, 4-nitrocatechol, 1,3,5-trihydroxynitrobenzene and p-nitrophenol. Degradation of the initial azo dyes was assessed by the measurement of the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Kinetic analysis of these data showed a pseudo-first order degradation reaction for all azo dyes. A pathway of degradation of azo dyes is proposed. Specifically, the degradation of dyes and intermediates proceeds by oxidation of azo bonds and aromatic ring by hydroxyl radicals. The results display the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process to degrade organic matter. Electronic Publication     

纳氏试剂光度法测定水体中氨氮常见问题与解决办法

针对在实际工作中用纳氏试剂光度法测定水体中氨氮存在的一些问题,在参考相关研究资料的基础上,并根据工作经验,对纳氏试剂光度法测定水体中氨氮常见问题进行了探讨与总结,以期更好的指导实际工作。     

纳氏试剂比色法测定水体中氨氮影响因素的探讨

对纳氏试剂比色法测定水中氨氮的条件进行了优化,根据实际分析工作中的经验,对实验中出现的常见问题和解决办法进行了总结.     

太阳光Fenton氧化对含酚废水生物降解影响研究

研究了太阳光Fenton氧化预处理对含酚废水生物降解性的影响及太阳光Fenton氧化-生化法联合工艺对煤气含酚废水的处理效果。结果表明,煤气含酚废水和模拟含酚废水的生物降解性均较差,太阳光Fenton氧化预处理可明显提高含酚废水的生物降解性,随着H2O2投加量的增加,废水的BOD5/COD比值逐渐增大,生物降解性明显增强。煤气含酚废水直接进行生化处理的COD和挥发酚去除率均较低。当太阳光Fenton氧化过程H2O2用量为22.5%理论投加量时,采用太阳光Fenton氧化-生化法联合工艺可使煤气含酚废水的COD由1357mg/L降低至104mg/L,挥发酚由198.2mg/L降低至0.47mg/L,COD和挥发酚均达到国家二级排放标准。     

微波诱导Fenton试剂氧化降解水中对硝基氯苯

采用微波辐射诱导Fenton氧化工艺处理对硝基氯苯模拟废水。考察了H2O2用量、Fe2+用量、溶液pH、微波辐射时间、微波功率对降解效果的影响;比较了微波诱导Fenton氧化法和单纯的Fenton氧化法对对硝基氯苯的去除效果。结果表明,微波辐射不仅可以提高对硝基氯苯的去除效率,还可促进对硝基氯苯的矿质化,大大提高COD去除率,并缩短反应时间。微波诱导Fenton氧化降解对硝基氯苯的适宜工艺条件为:H2O2和Fe2+用量分别为3.0g/L和160mg/L、pH为3、微波功率为800W、微波辐射时间为10min。在此工艺条件下,对硝基氯苯和COD的去除率分别可达98.9%和90.8%。     

树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水

采用树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水。XF-01树脂和XF-02树脂静态吸附水杨醛生产废水时,COD去除率均在85％以上,挥发酚去除率均高于90％。XF-02树脂对水杨醛生产废水的处理效果更佳。动态吸附随废水流量增大,吸附出水的COD和挥发酚质量浓度均增加。适宜的废水流量为15BV,树脂的最佳脱附温度为80℃。在连续4批的吸附-脱附实验中,吸附出水的平均COD约为1200mg／L,平均挥发酚质量浓度小于10mg／L。在Fenton试剂氧化中,铁屑和铁粉的催化效果差别很小,都好于FeSO4·7H2O。以铁屑为催化剂、H2O2溶液加入量为1％时,氧化出水的COD小于150mg／L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0．5mg／L。     

Fenton法脱色降解活性黑5模拟废水

本研究对benton试剂脱色降解活性黑5模拟废水进行了初步的实验研究。在恒温条件下,分别以600nm和255nm波长下染料溶液吸光度为主要测定指标,对该种染料的脱色及其芳环结构的氧化降解进行了同步分析。考察了染料溶液初始pH值、Fe^2＋浓度、H2O2投加量、染料浓度等因素的影响。结果表明,在一定实验条件下,活性黑5的脱色效率可达到99％,染料芳环结构的降解可达30％,COD去除率达到57．5％。活性黑5的脱色降解过程分为两个阶段进行。在最佳pH范围内,H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋浓度、染料浓度对染料初始脱色速率影响不大,但对后续的芳环结构降解影响较大。     

电镀废水中微量铜的测定方法

在NaF和NaAc存在下，直接测定电镀废水中的微量铜，该方法具有良好的选择性和灵敏度。