Effects of carrying handles,postures, materials and distances on carrying capability

This study recruited 14 industrial workers to examine the effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on maximum acceptable weights of carrying (MAWC), and resulting heart rate and body rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a 20 min intensive carrying task. This study showed that MAWC of carrying with bar handles, carrying with hands-and-body posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were significantly higher than that of carrying with groove handles, carrying with hands posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. The resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of groove handles, hands-and-body carrying posture, solid materials and 4?m distance were lower than the resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of bar handles, hands carrying posture, liquid materials and 8?m distance, respectively. Most pair levels of independent variables resulted in similar body's RPEs except for the pair levels of carrying distance.     

Aspects of Tests and Assessment of Filtering Materials Used for Respiratory Protection Against Bioaerosols. Part I: Type of Active Substance,Contact Time,Microorganism Species

This paper presents the results of a study on antimicrobial activity of polymer filter nonwovens produced by needle-punching or melt-blowing with an addition of disinfecting agents. The first part of the paper discusses how the biocidal activity of nonwovens is a function of the active agent added to the nonwovens, the duration of the contact of microorganisms with nonwovens and the type of microorganisms. The types of fibres and disinfecting agents had a considerable effect on the biocidal activity of nonwovens. The biocidal effect of nonwovens increased with the duration of their contact with microorganisms. Fibre activity differed considerably depending on the species of the microorganism. The microorganisms most sensitive to biocidal activity of the active filter nonwoven were S. aureus, M. flavus and E. coli. There were no biocidal effects on spore-forming bacterium B. subtilis.     

火灾中混合温场下隧道管片受力分析

对于以盾构方式修建的地铁,其隧道管片是主要的受力构件。在实际的火灾中,管片所在的温场往往是热对流及热辐射两种形式的混合温场。不同位置管片受热不均匀,整周管片内部将产生非均匀的热力荷载,与地应力荷载共同作用使模型中的应力分布更为复杂。从热量的角度进行温场融合,分别计算每个单元在两种温场下的温度及热量,将每个单元的两种热量分别相加求得每个单元的总热量,根据总热量再反算单元温度,从而确定这个混合温场。使用FLAC3D在模拟过程中随温度升高实时调整材料参数,使模拟结果更加准确。结果表明：当温度较低（〈500℃）时混合温场中以热辐射为主的均匀温场势力较强,当温度升高（〉500℃）后以热对流为主的非均匀温场势力较强。     

余热利用低低韫电除坐技术在燃煤电厂的应用

论述并总结了余热利用低低温电除尘技术在新昌某电厂700MW机组燃煤锅炉上的应用情况,指出采用该技术是燃煤电厂进一步减排节能的有益尝试。     

Escherichia coli Concentrations in Urban Watersheds Exhibit Diurnal Sag: Implications for Water‐Quality Monitoring and Assessment

The variability of indicator bacteria over a fine resolution time scale on the order of minutes has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we collected more than 700 Escherichia coli samples at a 10‐ and 30‐min resolution in an urban watershed in Houston. A Bacteria Diurnal Sag (BDS) marked with daytime exponential decay followed by an exponential nighttime regeneration was observed. This pattern was observed during all sampled events but varied depending on other variables. The concentrations during a 24‐h period varied 1 to 5 orders of magnitude and the fecal load was at least 10 times lower than what would be obtained using a single morning E. coli measurement, the typical sampling scheme in most monitoring programs. Decay rates, ranging from 3.67 to 24.7/day, decreased E. coli concentrations to below the water‐quality standards from 14:00 to 18:00 h and were strongly influenced by water temperatures and solar radiation intensities. Rapid regeneration occurred on the order of 9.41 to 64.1/day allowing E. coli concentrations to return to their pre‐decay levels. The data indicated that four to six samples taken between 06:00 and 18:00 h may be sufficient to define the BDS depending on stream conditions, and that a threshold concentration of approximately 100 MPN/dl (most probable number in a deciliter) existed for the studied urban watershed. These findings have significant implications for water‐quality monitoring, regulation, and compliance.     

Evaluation of recycling efforts of aircraft companies in Wichita

The number of manufactured aircraft has been continuously increasing worldwide because of the high demand for airline transportation. During manufacturing, many advanced materials and devices are used to build various sizes and shapes of aircraft. However, most of these materials and devices require considerable energy and labor to produce, so reusing these at any life stage of the aircraft offers many economic and environmental benefits, and is considered lucrative and environmentally responsible. Several recyclable materials—composites, metals and alloys, wires, wood, paper, plastics, electronics, and avionics—emerge as waste streams during the manufacturing of aircraft. Many aircraft companies have been recycling these materials to remanufacture aircraft parts or other products for more sustainable production. In the present study, we evaluated the recycling efforts of local aircraft companies in Wichita, KS. These efforts were considered in terms of recycling efficiency/rate and environmental benefits. These included cradle-to-gate (CTG) life-cycle inventory analysis of the materials, carbon dioxide emissions, virgin material replacement with recycled materials, and natural resources usage. Our findings show that there exists a significant potential for contributions to sustainability as well as environmental and health benefits in the region from recycling by aircraft manufacturing plants.     

硫酸锰催化法测定高氯根气田水化学需氧量

文章针对高氯根气田水特点,使用硫酸锰代替GB／T11914—1989《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》中的硫酸银作为催化剂,确定了硫酸锰催化法测定化学需氧量的试验条件。分别在4个实验室间开展比对测试,并对川西北气矿3个典型井站高氯根气田水开展现场应用,测定结果的相对偏差均在规定范围内,取得了良好的应用效果。     

舰船电控柜类产品的电磁兼容整改措施

随着舰船装备上电磁环境的日益复杂化,电控柜类产品安装前一般都需依据相关标准进行电磁兼容测试。屏蔽、滤波和接地是电磁兼容测试后整改最常用到的三种方法,本文针对这三种方法分别阐述了具体有效的整改措施。     

环境温度对车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验的影响

环境温度是研究车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验机理的一个重要因素,因此有必要定量的研究环境温度对火烧试验的影响。在已有火烧试验数据的基础上,分析了环境温度对车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验安全泄放压力和火烧持续时间两个关键指标的影响,结果表明安全泄放压力、火烧持续时间和环境温度均呈反比关系。     

初始瓦斯浓度对爆炸温度影响实验研究*

为探索瓦斯爆炸过程中温度变化规律,基于球形爆炸实验,研究不同初始瓦斯浓度条件下爆炸温度及爆炸温度与爆炸压力之间的相互作用关系。结果表明:随初始瓦斯浓度升高,在6.5%(低浓度)、9.5%(当量浓度)、12%(高浓度)时出现爆炸温度极大值,分别为995,932,1 153 K;爆炸过程中温度延迟时间及升温时间与初始瓦斯浓度曲线均呈U型变化,当初始瓦斯浓度约为9.5%(当量浓度)时,温度延迟时间及升温时间变化较小;当初始瓦斯浓度在爆炸上限浓度（16%）和下限浓度（5%）附近时,受瓦斯浓度影响变化较大;初始瓦斯浓度在9.5%时,瓦斯爆炸过程中的压力波促进火焰燃烧波的反向传播,出现二次升温现象。研究结果可为完善瓦斯爆炸温度变化机理、提高灾害防控技术提供依据。