我国开发性金融部门绿色投资价值的气候影响和风险研究

为应对气候变化,我国开发性金融部门探索绿色投资倒逼其低碳转型之路,相应的气候变化对其绿色投资的影响和风险值得深入研究。运用气候压力测试模型、WITCH模型和气候VaR对我国开发性金融机构绿色投资的气候冲击影响、气候风险进行实证研究。研究发现,极端气候冲击会对我国的开发性金融机构的投资价值及其投资表现产生负面影响;我国开发性金融机构绿色债券的票面利率受气候变化影响程度各异,国家开发银行随着气温的上升而增加,中国农业发展银行随着气温的下降而减少;我国开发性金融机构绿色投资气候风险各异,中国农业发展银行绿色投资的气候风险相对较大。研究成果为我国开发性金融部门应对气候变化的低碳转型和绿色投资的风险管理提供决策参考。     

企业金融化与绿色转型研究：机制识别与政策优化

实体企业金融化往往会对其经营管理决策产生重大影响。本文基于实体上市企业年报和财务数据（2007—2020年）,构建其绿色转型指标,进而从理论和实证两个方面确证了金融化对绿色转型的影响与机制问题。实证结果表明,企业金融化会对其绿色转型产生显著的负面冲击,其中短期金融化行为的影响更为明显;特别地,这一冲击对重污染企业、战略性新兴企业绿色转型的影响更为显著。通过机制识别,研究发现上述冲击影响主要通过恶化财务状况、提升企业风险并降低企业预期等渠道导致企业绿色转型水平下降。进一步地,通过政策优化（如金融综合改革试验区制度）支持,上述负面效应将被显著削弱,这也说明金融体制机制的优化是降低企业金融化负面效应,提升其转型升级动力和意愿的重要路径。     

A legal assessment of private land conservation in South America

Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region.     

Supporting conservationists’ mental health through better working conditions

Biodiversity conservation work can be challenging but rewarding, and both aspects have potential consequences for conservationists’ mental health. Yet, little is known about patterns of mental health among conservationists and its associated workplace protective and risk factors. A better understanding might help improve working conditions, supporting conservationists’ job satisfaction, productivity, and engagement, while reducing costs from staff turnover, absenteeism, and presenteeism. We surveyed 2311 conservation professionals working in 122 countries through an internet survey shared via mailing lists, social media, and other channels. We asked them about experiences of psychological distress, working conditions, and personal characteristics. Over half were from and worked in Europe and North America, and most had a university-level education, were in desk-based academic and practitioner roles, and responded in English. Heavy workload, job demands, and organizational instability were linked to higher distress, but job stability and satisfaction with one's contributions to conservation were associated with lower distress. Respondents with low dispositional and conservation-specific optimism, poor physical health, and limited social support, women, and early-career professionals were most at risk of distress in our sample. Our results flag important risk factors that employers could consider, although further research is needed among groups underrepresented in our sample. Drawing on evidence-based occupational health interventions, we suggest measures that could promote better working conditions and thus may improve conservationists’ mental health and abilities to protect nature.     

新环境下高校财务风险防范机制的建立

新环境下高校财务风险研究是一个全新的研究领域;给高校财务管理带来了知识资本确认、计量及资源配置等难题.建立我国高校财务风险防范与管理机制,积极支持多元化办学,拓宽高校资金来源渠道,加强财务监督,扩大办学规模、增强整体竞争力、提高办学效益已成为各个高校发展的共同趋势.拟从分析高校财务风险面临新环境开始,进而提出防范财务风险的对策,为高校决策者如何降低高校财务风险进行有益的探索.参7.     

“It's optional,not mandatory”: Environmental justice in local environmental agencies in Germany

Environmental justice is increasingly becoming a subject of academic debate in Germany. However, the realisation that environmental goods and hazards as well as the impacts of environmental policies are unequally distributed among social groups has not had many practical consequences yet. There are scattered initiatives and pilot projects aiming to address issues of environmental justice. Nevertheless, in the design and implementation of environmental policies there is no systematic consideration of their social dimension. In this paper, we outline the perspective of employees in German local environmental agencies on environmental justice. For this purpose, we conducted six qualitative interviews, which focused on the example of low emission zones. We identified three crucial aspects in these interviews: problem perception, motivation to act and perceived scope of action. Our main finding is that environmental justice is hardly an issue for environmental agencies and that this is the case because there is no necessity for them to consider social aspects in their work as this is neither legally required nor demanded in the public debate.     

The costs and benefits of packaging waste management systems in Europe: the perspective of local authorities

Local authorities are generally in charge of household packaging waste management operations, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the packaging industry and the local authorities (regarding the costs involved in selective collection and sorting). In the present study, the costs and benefits of recycling, from the perspective of local authorities, are compared for Portugal, Belgium and Italy (in Lombardia region), adopting the same economic–financial methodology. The results show that the industry is not paying the net cost of packaging waste management. If the savings attained by diverting packaging waste from other treatment operations are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities. However, if the avoided costs with other treatments are considered as a benefit for local authorities, the costs are generally outweighed by the benefits, and the financial support could, therefore, be reduced.     

Financial inadequacy and the disadvantageous changes in time perspective and goal-striving strategies throughout life

As inequality in wealth and income continues to grow, it is important to consider the implications of financial disparities for worker motivation and behavior. While workers with socioeconomic disadvantages have a decreased chance of career success and upward social mobility, the potential mechanisms linking financial status to work motivation outcomes are not fully known. Drawing on theory on resource scarcity, we address this issue and propose that financial inadequacy shapes the extent to which workers consider and plan for the future, with consequences for goal-striving strategies throughout adulthood. Latent change analyses of data from a heterogeneous sample of 4,446 working adults largely supported the hypotheses. Results showed that a high level of financial inadequacy predicted increases in short-term time horizon and decreases in future-oriented planning, which then predicted disadvantageous changes in goal-striving strategies over an 18-year period. Short-term time horizon also predicted subsequent increases in financial inadequacy. By highlighting the motivational challenges associated with inadequate finances that accompany low-wage employment, our study offers evidence for the motivational mechanisms that may reinforce economic inequality and social mobility in the workforce.     

农村社会养老保险的政府财政支持能力分析

2009年9月国务院决定在全国10％的县试点新型农村社会养老保险制度,政府财政对制度采取补贴支持以体现其责任,但政府财政负担能力如何衡量一直被学界和政府所关注.本文运用数理模型和SPSS等分析工具,基于农村社会养老保险现收现付制模式、农民养老金目标替代率为50％等假设前提下,对未来30年我国农村社会养老保险制度政府财政支持能力进行分析,得出以下几个结论:一是不同地区农民缴费负担能力有差别,不同地区的政府财政对农民参保的支持能力有差别;二是不同农民年人均纯收入在不同的增长率条件下政府财政完全有能力维系该制度的财务收支平衡,保证农民养老金能满足基本生存需要.提出政府应该加大对农村社会养老保险财政支持力度,加大对中西部地区农村社会养老保险中央政府财政支持的力度,加大“入口”补贴标准提高农民参保的意愿,取消农村养老保险固定缴费制,实行比例缴费制等政策建议.     

企业环境力研究初探

环境问题已经成为当前阻碍经济发展的主要矛盾之一,企业如何提高应对环境的能力(环境力),有助于企业实现可持续发展,从而提高企业的价值。不同的企业面对环境问题的可能采取不同的策略,这与企业本身的环境力有重要的关系,本文试图分析企业环境力的含义与内容及其对企业的影响,从而有助于企业面对环境问题采取适当的对策。