Aerosol concentration and particle size distributions in underground excavations of a hard coal mine

Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory system depends inter alia on their size and the respiratory tract deposition is appreciable for nanometer-sized particles. This article presents the results of measurements of size distributions of aerosols in the range of several nanometers up to about 20?μm in the underground mine excavations of an active hard coal mine. The study included practically all particles of a respirable fraction. The results showed that a high concentration of fine and ultrafine aerosols occurs in key underground workplaces especially during mining machine operations, although their contribution to total mass concentration is usually negligible.     

ICP-AES测定南宁市大气颗粒物中重金属含量

采用石英滤纸和隔膜真空泵自制采样装置,对南宁市区的居民区、校园区、商业区和工业区进行连续10d的大气采样,所得样品经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定铬、铁、铜、锌、砷、镉和铅七种重金属元素含量以检测南宁市空气质量,同时考察了仪器工作参数对测定结果的影响。实验表明:在选定的实验条件下,各元素的检出限低,准确性和精密度良好。样品测定结果表明,大气环境中重金属污染物以Fe、Zn和Pb为主;工业区,商业区,居民区重金属含量高于校园区。重金属平均浓度最大值为:Cr(0.06027μg/m)3、Fe(1.8541μg/m)3、Cu(0.02214μg/m)3、Zn(0.3666μg/m)3、As(0.02272μg/m)3、Cd(0.004733μg/m)3、Pb(0.1843μg/m)3,低于我国(TJ36-96)《居住区大气中的有害物质最高容许量》中规定值,说明南宁市空气质量良好。     

大气细颗粒物水溶成分和非水溶成分的细胞毒性

为了研究细颗粒物不同成分细胞毒作用的差异,以细颗粒物水溶成分和非水溶成分对人肺癌上皮细胞株A549细胞染毒.结果表明,在染毒剂量为100 μg·mL-1、200 μg·mL-1和300 μg·mL-1的范围内,水溶成分的细胞毒性明显高于非水溶成分(P(0.05),表现为抑制细胞活性,导致细胞膜损伤增加.并且诱导细胞活性氧(ROS)的产生.使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和抗坏血酸(Vit C)阻断活性氧(ROS)产生的研究结果表明,与未加上述抗氧化剂的染毒组相比,加抗氧化剂的染毒组细胞的活性明显增强.因此,提示细颗粒物水溶成分是最主要的毒性成分之一,而氧化.应激损伤可能是细颗粒物细胞毒作用的重要机制之一.     

广州市大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系

利用实地监测大气TSP浓度和局地气象数据,研究了2005年至2006年广州市不同功能区大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,工业区大气TSP月平均浓度0.273mg/m3最高,显著高于交通繁忙区的0.207mg/m3;极显著高于商业区的0.180mg/m3、社区的0.155mg/m3和对照郊区的0.142mg/m3。研究显示,广州市大气TSP污染仍然比较严重。广州市大气TSP浓度与降雨呈现负相关性,与温度呈极显著的负相关性,与相对湿度呈显著的负相关性,与风速呈负相关性,与风向的相关性不明显。各功能区大气TSP浓度与局地气象因子也存在类似的规律。     

Distribution of mercury in di erent environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runo , and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined e ect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

悬浮液进样-AAS法测定TSP中锌、铅和铁的含量

用浓硝酸和高氯酸混酸体系在超声波作用下消解滤膜,加入稳定剂琼脂,用超声波震荡15min制成悬浮液,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定TSP中的锌、铅和铁的含量,并以传统浓HNO3-H2O2湿法消解-原子吸收光谱法的测定结果为参考对测定值进行t检验,结果表明:RSD≤3.27%(n=6),两种方法的相对误差<±0.85%,且两种方法无显著性差异,说明悬浮液进样法的测定结果准确、可靠。     

河口滨岸悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃分布与风险评价

通过收集长江口滨岸13个典型采样点上覆水中的悬浮颗粒物,分析了悬浮颗粒中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量水平,探讨了PAHs的来源,并进行了生态风险评价。研究结果显示,EPA14种优控PAHs的总量在600~12 308 ng/g 之间,平均值为5 373 ng/g,其组成主要以3环和4环PAH为主。受附近陆源输入的影响,顾路采样点的PAHs含量最高,此外,临近城市排污、滨岸工业开发区及河道排污口的采样点PAHs含量也较高,如石洞口、金山、白茆、浏河口等。结合PAHs不同环数的相对丰度与同分异构体荧蒽/芘、芘/苯并［a］蒽比值,初步推断出人类油污染及矿物燃料的不完全燃烧是悬浮颗粒物中PAHs的主要来源。此外,参照有关环境质量标准,发现悬浮颗粒物中萘、菲、芴、蒽/苯并［b］荧蒽和苯并［k］荧蒽等化合物已经产生不同程度的生物影响效应。     

沉积物悬浮频率对水体颗粒态磷生物有效性的影响

通过室内试验模拟沉积物在不同频率下的悬浮过程,研究了悬浮频率对颗粒态磷生物有效性的影响.结果表明,沉积物悬浮导致颗粒态磷的生物有效性显著降低,30d时,藻类可利用态磷（AAP）占悬浮物总磷（Tot-P）的百分比仅为初始状态（56.75%）时的26.24%（悬浮频率较小）和20.04%（悬浮频率较大）.内源磷形态分析表明...     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983–2007

The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different polluta...