基于KZ滤波法的江淮地区PM2.5浓度变化影响分析

基于2018—2020年合肥、芜湖和马鞍山3个城市国控站点的PM_2.5逐日监测数据和同期地面气象观测资料,利用Kolmogorov-Zurbenko(KZ)滤波对PM_2.5日浓度的原始时间序列进行分解,获取短期分量、季节分量和长期分量,并进行多元线性逐步回归构建各分量与气象因子的模型,最后依据短期分量和基线分量的回归模型和残差分析,对序列进行重建,获取消除气象条件影响的PM_2.5长期分量。KZ滤波分析结果表明：2018—2020年气象条件对江淮区域PM_2.5污染改善影响存在波动,在2018—2019年为负贡献,而在2020年秋冬季则变为正贡献;江淮地区3个城市2018年和2020年PM_2.5修正后的长期分量均值表明气象条件对各市PM_2.5改善影响存在差异较大,气象条件对合肥PM_2.5改善的贡献仅为1.0%,芜湖为7.8%,马鞍山为21.0%;NAQPMS数值模式情景分析结果显示,减排措施对江淮之间PM_2.5浓度改...     

低温等离子体技术及其在柴油机排气处理中的应用

概述了等离子体特点及分类 ,介绍了低温等离子体的产生及其净化柴油机排气的应用进展 ,分析了低温等离子体技术有效处理柴油机排气的机理 ,阐述了未来低温等离子体处理柴油机排气的主要方向与应用前景。     

柴油车排气微粒捕集用复合金属丝网的制备与性能研究

论述了用于柴油车排气微粒捕集器的复合金属丝网的制备和测试过程 ,讨论了丝网层数和涂层负载对复合金属丝网过滤性能的影响 ,并分析了其捕集机理     

Monitoring and Assessment of Exhaust Emission in Bangkok Street Air

Measurement of the exhaust emission from gasoline-powered motor vehicles in Bangkok were performed on chassis dynamometer. A fleet of 10 vehicles of different model, years and manufacturers were selected to measure the air pollutants in the exhaust effluent. The study revealed that the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions averaged 32.3–64.2 and 1.82–2.98 g km^–1, respectively, for 1990–1992 cars and decreased to 17.8–40.71 and 0.75–1.88 g km^–1, respectively, for 1994–1995 cars. A monitoring program for air pollutant concentrations in ambient air was also conducted to evaluate the air pollution problems in Bangkok arising from vehicle exhaust emission. Four air sampling stations were strategically established to cover the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). Composite air samples in this study area were collected during the day/night times and weekday/weekend. The average concentrations of suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Bangkok street air were found to be 0.65 mg/m³ (24 hr ave.), 19.02 mg/m³ (8 hr ave.) and 0.021 mg/m³ (1 hr ave.), respectively. The average concentrations of benzene and toluene in the ambient air of the study area were found to be 15.07–50.20 and 25.76–130.95 g/mf³, respectively, for 8 hr average. These results indicated that there was a significant increase in air pollutant emissions with increasing car mileage and model year. Subsequent analysis of data showed that there were only 20% of the test vehicles complied to approved emission standard. The finding also revealed that there was a correlation between the average air pollutant concentrations with average traffic speed in each traffic zone of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR).     

长江口滨岸水体悬浮颗粒物中PCBs分布特征

对长江口滨岸带14个采样点水体悬浮物中的多氯联苯(PCBs)进行GC-ECD测试,结果表明PCBs含量水平为2.5～51.5ng/g,平均值为13.2ng/g,普遍高于相应表层沉积物中的含量,但没有表现出明显的与排污有关的地域性分布规律;PCBs的含量与悬浮物的粒径和有机质含量不显著相关,而可能与有机质来源和矿物组成有关;在大多数采样站位,低氯代联苯(2～5CB)占PCBs总量的70%以上,其中2CB在悬浮物中占有绝对优势地位.这一组成特征可能与我国主要生产和使用低氯代联苯有关,但与过去表层沉积物中以3CB为主的特征不同,表明可能有新的PCBs的输入.与国内外相关研究结果对比,本区PCBs的污染属中等水平.     

杭州市区空气中PM2.5细微粒监测及污染状况分析

用自行研制的中流量PM10～PM2.5大气采样仪,在2004～2005年期间,对杭州市区5个代表性采样点的细颗粒PM2.5污染程度进行监测,结果表明,PM2.5颗粒浓度有着季节性特征,冬季的颗粒浓度明显高于夏季;在繁华马路地区PM2.5污染较为严重,超标率达90%,而在城市绿化较好的地区PM2.5污染较小;PM2.5颗粒浓度与空气湿度呈正相关、与空气能见度呈负相关关系;而且室内外PM2.5颗粒浓度之间也存在一定的相关性,PM2.5/PM10的比值表明对人体健康危害更大的PM2.5占PM10的大部分,在0.50￣0.78范围内。     

北京密云水库流域水体夏季POM浓度及来源分析

为有效控制流域水质污染,保障饮用水水源的水质安全,通过测定北京境内密云水库流域水体夏季悬浮颗粒有机质(POM)的浓度水平及其碳、氮同位素特征,同时以京密引水渠水体为参比,对密云水库汇水流域水体POM的来源进行研究.结果 表明,密云水库流域水体夏季颗粒态有机碳(POC)浓度的变化范围为0.04～0.71 mg/L,平均值...     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

铵盐气溶胶对烟气排放连续监测系统颗粒物比对监测的影响研究

利用拉曼光谱对采样后的滤筒进行分析,发现废气中的硫酸铵-硫酸氢铵气溶胶是造成成都市部分企业烟气排放连续监测系统(CEMS)颗粒物比对监测结果不合格的主要原因。通过比较分析得出:在对含硫酸铵-硫酸氢铵气溶胶废气进行颗粒物浓度比对监测时,参比方法(重量法)测定的颗粒物浓度是一定标干采样体积下废气中固体微粒和硫酸铵-硫酸氢铵液体微粒结晶后产生的晶体的总质量,基于光散射法的CEMS颗粒物浓度测试系统测定的颗粒物浓度只是一定标干采样体积下废气中固体微粒的质量,由此导致参比方法测出的颗粒物浓度远大于CEMS测出的浓度,造成比对误差远超出允许值范围。     

长沙市夏季大气颗粒物中重金属的形态及其源解析

对长沙市高开区、经开区、开福区以及马坡岭4个采样点夏季的大气颗粒物(TSP)浓度以及颗粒物中的重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb和Cd的浓度和形态分布进行了研究分析,利用污染因子(Cf)对重金属元素的可保持能力进行了评价,并利用因子分析方法(PCA)分析TSP中重金属元素的主要来源。结果显示长沙市夏季TSP平均浓度为220.7μg/m3,表明长沙市颗粒物污染较严重。TSP中重金属元素浓度大小顺序为:ZnPbCuMnCd。从形态分布来看,大约63.3%~89.0%的Cu主要存在于可氧化态(F3),而Mn在这一态中分布最少。元素Zn、Cd则主要分布在弱酸提取态,分别占了70%和35%。Pb主要分布在残渣态,大约为24%~43%。由污染因子计算可知Cu、Cd和Zn比Mn、Pb有更高的迁移性。