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971.
972.
公路建设加速了区域的原有侵蚀,为了摸清公路边坡的侵蚀特征,寻找有效的防治措施,在青藏公路边坡布设不同水土保持措施的径流观测小区,进行了两年的观测(2003年和2004年),结果表明:(1)工程措施具有较好的水土保持效益,其减流(减沙)效益在第一年和第二年分别达到3883%(8189%)和48.72%(9581%),其中截排水措施的水土保持效益一方面说明公路路面来水也是边坡侵蚀的重要动力,有效拦截路面来水将会极大地减少径流和泥沙,另一方面也说明要提高公路边坡土壤侵蚀的预测能力,应该将路面来水作为重要的驱动力之一;(2)植被措施可以起到一定的减流减沙效果,其中人工植被措施有很大的潜力,其减蚀效益都在50%以上;(3)综合措施表现出了极好的水土保持效益(减流在40%以上,减沙在97%以上),尤其土工格室+植被措施,兼具水土保持与景观双重效益。该研究可以为青藏高原地区的水土保持设计和生态环境保护规划提供数据支持。〖 相似文献
973.
废水污染物排放总量控制监测技术路线及要求 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
从中国污染物宏观控制目标出发,阐述了中国实施废水污染物排放总量控制监测的技术路线、监测项目以及相关技术要求。对污染物排放总量控制监测分析方法的应用、采样及测流等有关技术问题,提出了见解。以1998年污染源调查统计资料为例,提出了污染物排放总量控制监测方案及有关监测质量的保证措施。 相似文献
974.
介绍了镇江市环境监测中心站人事制度改革的主要内容、做法及取得的成效。指出人事制度改革尤其是全额拨款事业单位的人事制度改革是政策性很强、涉及每个职工切身利益及触动诸多方面关系的一项复杂工程 ,为保证这项工程的顺利进行 ,应广泛宣传发动 ,统一思想认识 ,上下反复酝酿 ,制定工作方案 ,预见敏感问题 ,提出解决预案 ,主动沟通 ,争取上级支持 ,精心安排 ,快速稳妥实施 ,狠抓落实 ,深化改革成果。 相似文献
975.
在分析交通噪声影响因素的基础上,对乌鲁木齐市近十年控制交通噪声污染的措施和效果进行了探讨。 相似文献
976.
Contemporary urban air quality management requires the use of appropriate systems which include air quality models, a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a combination of expert systems and decision support tools, while at the same time possessing the capability to receive information from in situ measurements. Until recently, the relation between Information Technology capabilities and the system's design and architecture were poorly addressed, mainly due to technological limitations posed. Moreover, air quality management scenario design issues were partially considered, because of the difficulty in aggregating complex, air quality related issues, in a comprehensive and effective manner, from the end users point of view. In the present paper the use of Environmental Telematics is discussed as a framework for the development of urban air quality management systems, while a comprehensive approach for the application and evaluation of relevant scenarios is presented. 相似文献
977.
The degree at which tropical forests are exposed to human pressure is spatially dependent. Population density, proximity to
roads, terrain slope, logging activities and land distribution projects are well known factors inducing deforestation and
forest degradation in Latin America. Using expert knowledge to weight these threat factors and a Geographical Information
System for spatial modeling, a multi-criteria analysis procedure is presented, that allows stratifying a study region in categories
of deforestation threat. The procedure was implemented in the Central Volcanic Mountain Range Conservation Area (CVMRCA) in
Costa Rica with the purpose of finding areas with a combination of physical and socioeconomic characteristics that is particularly
predisposing to a high probability of deforestation. To validate the map, the CVMRCA was stratified in categories of deforestation
risk, and the result was superposed to historical deforestation data of the period 1986–1996. The good correlation between
risk category and historical deforestation (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) indicates that the map can be used as a decision support tool for defining priority areas for conservation action. 相似文献
978.
Because of fast urban sprawl, land use competition, and the gap in available funds and needed funds, municipal decision makers
and planners are looking for more cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve their sewer infrastructure systems. The dominant
approaches have turned to planning the sanitary sewer systems within a regional context, while the decentralized and on-site/cluster
wastewater systems have not overcome the application barriers. But regionalization policy confers uncertainties and risks
upon cities while planning for future events. Following the philosophy of smart growth, this paper presents several optimal
expansion schemes for a fast-growing city in the US/Mexico borderlands—the city of Pharr in Texas under uncertainty. The waste
stream generated in Pharr is divided into three distinct sewer sheds within the city limit, including south region, central
region, and north region. The options available include routing the wastewater to a neighboring municipality (i.e., McAllen)
for treatment and reuse, expanding the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the south sewer shed, and constructing
a new WWTP in the north sewer shed. Traditional deterministic least-cost optimization applied in the first stage can provide
a cost-effective and technology-based decision without respect to associated uncertainties system wide. As the model is primarily
driven by the fees charged for wastewater transfer, sensitivity analysis was emphasized by the inclusion of varying flat-rate
fees for adjustable transfer schemes before contracting process that may support the assessment of fiscal benefits to all
parties involved. Yet uncertainties might arise from wastewater generation, wastewater reuse, and cost increase in constructing
and operating the new wastewater treatment plant simultaneously. When dealing with multiple sources of uncertainty, the grey
mixed integer programming (GIP) model, formulated in the second stage, can further allow all sources of uncertainties to propagate
throughout the optimization context, simultaneously leading to determine a wealth of optimal decisions within a reasonable
range. Both models ran for three 5-year periods beginning in 2005 and ending in 2020. The dynamic outputs of this analysis
reflect the systematic concerns about integrative uncertainties within this decision analysis, which enable decision makers
and stakeholders to make all-inclusive decisions for sanitary sewer system expansion in an economically growing region. 相似文献
979.
利用唐山市1976-2005年各县年降水序列,分析了该市降水的空间分布规律和时间变化特点。采用灰色系统的灾变预测方法,对各县分别建立了GM(1,1)模型,进行未来25年唐山市各站的干旱年预测。利用残差检验、后验差检验和关联度检验对各模型分别进行了精度检验。结果表明,预测模型精度较高,可以对唐山市各县未来的干旱年进行预测,从而为科学决策提供依据。 相似文献
980.
在深刻论述新疆地区近年来开展节能减排和总量控制工作情况的基础上,针对我区污染物总量控制工作所面临的形势和问题进行了认真总结,并结合我区今后经济发展要求,为确保完成“十一五”总量控制目标,认真做好“十二五”总量控制工作,提出了加强污染源监督管理、完善考核制度、推进大集团战略及提高环境准入条件等8个方面的对策和建议。 相似文献