彩虹方头鱼(Paracheirodon innesi)鱼鳃微环境特性及铜的生物有效性

建立了测定小个体鱼种鳃部微环境特殊条件的高密度暴露方法，利用这种方法测定了彩虹方头鱼（Paracheirodon innesi）鱼鳃微环境的、 pH、碱度、粘液含量等参数， 并根据测定结果计算了鱼鳃微环境中铜的形态分布。结果表明：高密度暴露可在15s左右建立动态平衡，鱼鳃与外部水体平衡pH7.2。鱼鳃微环境中，碱度在碱性条件下迅速增加。计算并讨论了鱼鳃微环境与外部水相中铜的形态分布和有效态含量差异。     

辽河流域环境要素对水生态的影响

为了分析流域内气候、地形地貌和人类活动对水生态的影响,分别于2009年8月和2010年6月对辽河流域76个采样点的鱼类和底栖动物进行了调查采样。运用统计学的相关分析和典型相关分析,从流域尺度分别建立了气候、地形地貌、土地利用类型与鱼类和底栖动物生物多样性的关联。结果表明,鱼类多样性与年均日照时数、草地用地比例、耕地用地比例、城市用地呈显著负相关,与多年平均降水量、相对湿度和水域的用地比例呈显著正相关;底栖多样性与年均日照时数、林地、草地、耕地用地比例呈显著负相关,与坡度、NDVI、多年平均降水量、相对湿度和水域的用地比例呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明对水生生生物影响最大的环境要素是多年平均温度、坡度和水域用地。     

Levels and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in fishes from Manila Bay, the Philippines

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined in 58 fishes belonging to 20 species collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. OPCs were detected in most of the samples and found up to μg/g lw (lipid weight) level, suggesting their ubiquitous presence in the coastal marine environment of the Philippines. Higher levels (>1000 ng/g lw) of total OPCs were determined in yellowstriped goatfish, silver sillago, tripletail wrasse and bumpnose trevally indicates either their active uptake from ambient water or lower metabolic capacity of these species. Levels of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in demersal species showed a positive correlation with δ¹⁵N, indicating that TPhP was adsorbed onto the particle, settled down to the bottom sediment and accumulated through the benthic food web rather than the pelagic. Estimated dietary intake of OPCs in Manila Bay fishes were four to five orders of magnitude lower than the proposed reference dose (RfD).     

长江上游合江江段鱼类早期资源与向家坝水库生态调度效果初步研究

合江江段是长江上游干流保持河流生境、适宜喜流水性鱼类栖息的重要江段.为了掌握合江江段鱼类早期资源动态,分析向家坝水库生态调度的效果,于2020年向家坝水库生态调度前后,开展了鱼类早期资源逐日监测.研究期间,共采集到鱼类早期资源5目10科38种(属),其中仔鱼29种(属)、鱼卵19种(属),包括特有鱼类6种.广适应性和喜...     

白洋淀优势鱼类中喹诺酮类抗生素的生物累积特征及其与环境因子相关性

喹诺酮类抗生素(quinolone antibiotics,QNs)易富集于水生生物中,近年来在我国湖泊中广泛检出,且其生物富集系数和营养传递行为具有明显的时空异质性.本研究选取白洋淀9种优势鱼类为研究对象,分析14种QNs的生物累积特征及其与环境因子的相关性,评估了QNs健康风险.结果表明,白洋淀水体中ΣQNs质量浓度范围为0.740 0～1 590 ng·L^-1,其中氟甲喹(flumequine,FLU)、喹酸(oxolinic acid,OXO)和氧氟沙星(ofloxacin,OFL)检出率较高,FLU平均质量浓度最高;鱼类体内ΣQNs含量范围为17.1～146 ng·g^-1,其中环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)和FLU平均含量较高.生物累积系数(bioaccumulation factors,BAF)范围(L·kg^-1)为96.2(BAFMAR)～489(BAFCIP),表明QNs在鱼类中的生物累积能力较低.5种检出率较高的QNs[恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)、FLU、马波沙星(ma...     

Trait groups as management entities in a complex,multispecies reef fishery

Localized stressors compound the ongoing climate-driven decline of coral reefs, requiring natural resource managers to work with rapidly shifting paradigms. Trait-based adaptive management (TBAM) is a new framework to help address changing conditions by choosing and implementing management actions specific to species groups that share key traits, vulnerabilities, and management responses. In TBAM maintenance of functioning ecosystems is balanced with provisioning for human subsistence and livelihoods. We first identified trait-based groups of food fish in a Pacific coral reef with hierarchical clustering. Positing that trait-based groups performing comparable functions respond similarly to both stressors and management actions, we ascertained biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of trait-group biomass and evaluated their vulnerabilities with generalized additive models. Clustering identified 7 trait groups from 131 species. Groups responded to different drivers and displayed divergent vulnerabilities; human activities emerged as important predictors of community structuring. Biomass of small, solitary reef-associated species increased with distance from key fishing ports, and large, solitary piscivores exhibited a decline in biomass with distance from a port. Group biomass also varied in response to different habitat types, the presence or absence of reported dynamite fishing activity, and exposure to wave energy. The differential vulnerabilities of trait groups revealed how the community structure of food fishes is driven by different aspects of resource use and habitat. This inherent variability in the responses of trait-based groups presents opportunities to apply selective TBAM strategies for complex, multispecies fisheries. This approach can be widely adjusted to suit local contexts and priorities.     

IAFSA-GRNN在油田集输管道CO2腐蚀速率预测中的应用

为提高油田集输管道CO₂腐蚀速率预测的准确性,针对原始广义回归神经网络(GRNN)预测精度低的问题,提出改进的群智能算法优化原始GRNN的预测模型;分别使用GRNN模型、人工鱼群算法(AFSA)优化的GRNN(AFSA-GRNN)模型和自适应改进的AFSA-GRNN(IAFSA-GRNN)模型预测X65管线钢的CO₂腐蚀速率。结果表明:采用AFSA和IAFSA优化光滑因子S后,能大大提高GRNN模型的预测精度,预测结果的平均相对误差由36.09%分别减小至7.20%和6.90%;与AFSA相比,IAFSA优化的GRNN不仅具有更高的预测精度,还具有更快的收敛速度。AFSA-GRNN在第164次迭代计算时收敛,而IAFSA-GRNN在第109次迭代计算时收敛,说明AFSA经自适应优化能提高优化过程的收敛速度和GRNN的预测精度。     

Longitudinal monitoring of neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in a reintroduction

Restoration programs in the form of ex-situ breeding combined with reintroductions are becoming critical to counteract demographic declines and species losses. Such programs are increasingly using genetic management to improve conservation outcomes. However, the lack of long-term monitoring of genetic indicators following reintroduction prevents assessments of the trajectory and persistence of reintroduced populations. We carried out an extensive monitoring program in the wild for a threatened small-bodied fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) to assess the long-term genomic effects of its captive breeding and reintroduction. The species was rescued prior to its extirpation from the terminal lakes of Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, and then used for genetically informed captive breeding and reintroductions. Subsequent annual or biannual monitoring of abundance, fitness, and occupancy over a period of 11 years, combined with postreintroduction genetic sampling, revealed survival and recruitment of reintroduced fish. Genomic analyses based on data from the original wild rescued, captive born, and reintroduced cohorts revealed low inbreeding and strong maintenance of neutral and candidate adaptive genomic diversity across multiple generations. An increasing trend in the effective population size of the reintroduced population was consistent with field monitoring data in demonstrating successful re-establishment of the species. This provides a rare empirical example that the adaptive potential of a locally extinct population can be maintained during genetically informed ex-situ conservation breeding and reintroduction into the wild. Strategies to improve biodiversity restoration via ex-situ conservation should include genetic-based captive breeding and longitudinal monitoring of standing genomic variation in reintroduced populations.