Stakeholders' views towards flood risk management in the Paz River catchment area of Guatemala and El Salvador

The river Paz is a transboundary river that flows through Guatemala and El Salvador. Its frequent floods endanger the lives and livelihoods of downstream communities. Attempts have previously been made to develop flood management programmes for this watershed. However, these approaches were generally made by high-level governmental institutions with few if any contributions from floodplain communities and other stakeholders. Recognising that public consultation is a key aspect in flood management programmes, we intend in this work to extract different stakeholders' views regarding current and future flooding and flood management programmes in the Paz River basin. This is achieved using Future Scenarios Workshops with a projected time horizon of 30 years. The exercise was expected to identify consensual short- and medium–long-term flood management strategies for the Paz River basin that draws on input from inhabitants of flood-prone areas and other stakeholders.     

A study of farmers' flood perceptions based on the entropy method: an application from Jianghan Plain,China

Using survey data from 280 farmers in Jianghan Plain, China, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for three dimensions of farmers' flood perceptions and then uses the entropy method to estimate their overall flood perception. Farmers' flood perceptions exhibit the following characteristics: (i) their flood‐occurrence, flood‐prevention, and overall flood perceptions gradually increase with age, whereas their flood‐effects perception gradually decreases; (ii) their flood‐occurrence and flood‐effects perceptions gradually increase with a higher level of education, whereas their flood‐prevention perception gradually decreases and their overall flood perception shows nonlinear change; (iii) flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions are higher among farmers who serve in public offices than among those who do not do so; (iv) the flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions of farmers who work off‐farm are higher than those of farmers who work solely on‐farm, contrary to the flood‐prevention perception; and (v) the flood‐effects and flood‐prevention perceptions of male farmers are lower than those of female farmers, but the flood‐occurrence and overall flood perceptions of male farmers are higher than those of female farmers.     

龙川江流域碳侵蚀特征的初步研究

选取龙川江楚雄站断面,于2007年9月至2009年9月对水体内悬浮颗粒物及各形态碳的含量进行连续采样分析.结果表明,汛期水体内总有机碳(TOC)含量主要取决于颗粒有机碳(POC)含量,非汛期水体内总有机碳主要源于溶解性有机碳(DOC),而溶解性无机碳(DIC)的季节变化不明显.洪水过境过程中,POC随即表现出"峰值现象";DOC峰值出现的时间较晚,反映出DOC化学侵蚀的溶出相对于POC的机械侵蚀作用所需时间较长;DIC在洪水发生过程中呈现出与流量变化相反的趋势,说明其主要受稀释作用的影响.在对碳含量随悬浮颗粒物(TSS)变化的分析中发现,POC与TSS之间呈现出显著的正相关关系,但悬浮泥沙中有机碳的质量分数与TSS之间却存在显著的负相关关系,DOC与TSS间的相关性较弱,表现出吸附作用和释放作用的共同影响.     

洪涝灾害经济易损性模糊评价——以安徽沿长江地区为例

洪水灾害是洪水危险性对承灾体易损性综合作用的结果,由于降水量、人口密度、产值等因子在洪水易损性中的作用具有模糊性,因此运用模糊模型进行评价有一定意义。以安徽沿长江地区为例,在GIS和模糊数学法的支持下,建立了基于GIS的模糊综合评价模型,对洪水灾害经济易损性风险进行了评价与分析,将安徽沿长江地区洪涝的易损性程度划分为5个等级:高度易损性、较高度易损性、中度易损性、较低度易损性、低度易损性。研究结果表明:沿江洪水灾害易损性总体水平较高,特别是在马鞍山、芜湖市、铜陵市等经济发达、人口密集、耕地面积广阔的滨江下游平原区。这些地区应积极兴修水利,大力发展避洪产业。     

基于GIS的广西洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性评估

以灾害学理论为基础,GIS、RS为技术支持,利用1:5万基础地理信息数据、TM遥感影像数据,建立广西洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性评估指标体系;采用加权综合评价法计算洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性指数;运用自然断点法将广西洪涝孕灾环境敏感性划分为低敏感区、次低敏感区、中敏感区、次高敏感区、高敏感区等5个区域;用广西历史洪涝灾害频率分布数据进行对比验证。结果表明,敏感区划结果与洪涝灾害频率区划结果基本吻合。     

洪水灾情评价的脉冲耦合神经网络模型

洪水灾情的评价工作对洪水灾害的分类管理具有重要的指导意义。脉冲耦合神经网络模型应用到洪水灾情评价中是一次新尝试,该方法通过脉冲输出从而调节阈值,并且应用动态阈值来确定洪水灾情的等级。这个方法比传统的BP模型简化了权值的训练,模型更加简便、直观。采用脉冲耦合神经网络模型得出的评价结果同灰色关联法、灰色聚类法、灰色模糊综合法的评价结果进行了比较,表明其用于洪水损失评价具有科学性和实用性。     

洪水作用下村镇住宅的力学响应试验研究

针对洪水作用下村镇住宅的反应,通过建立房屋模型,研究不同洪水水力条件下,村镇住宅所受的洪水压力、应变等分布规律,并分析了不同房屋结构以及基础对抵抗洪水作用的影响,初步得到了洪水作用下村镇住宅的破坏机理。     

莱茵河流域防洪规划——发展及其实施(论文摘编)

The River Rhine situatedin the middle of central Europe is a striking example for the diverging con-cerns of natural wetland schemes and human uses.The River Rhine basin covers an area of190000km2andis settled by50million people,livingin nine different countries.Onlyin the19th century the naturalmoving water courses of the River Rhine were fixedin a singular riverbed allowingthe human utilization ofthe flood prone areas by agriculture,settlement andinfrastructure.Extreme floods in the last …     

洞庭湖淤积、围垦对湖区江湖洪水影响的模拟

应用数值模拟技术,通过建立洞庭湖与长江耦合的水动力学数值模型,并利用长江沿江的宜昌、枝江、沙市、监利、螺山和洞庭湖区沿湖的南咀、小河咀、沅江、鹿角、岳阳和城陵矶等水文测站的水文资料,开展洞庭湖区湿地恢复的洪水效应模拟计算,选用1998年6月15日~8月31日洪水资料作为模型计算依据。通过模拟计算,对1952年以来洞庭湖淤积、围垦对江湖洪水的影响进行了定量评估。结果显示,1952~1998年的47年间,洞庭湖湖泊湿地围垦对江湖洪水位升高影响的相对量是湖泊淤积对江湖洪水位升高影响值的2～10倍。     

三维倾斜摄影技术在尾矿库风险防控上的运用

为提高尾矿库信息化安全管理水平,保障尾矿库安全平稳运行.采用无人机倾斜摄影技术对尾矿库及下游区域进行影像数据采集,创建尾矿库三维图像,并将尾矿库空间三维模型关键数据与企业设计数据进行对比分析,对尾矿库汛期防洪能力进行预测分析.结果表明:该技术能够及时发现尾矿库运行期间存在的隐患,防范化解尾矿库安全风险,提高预测尾矿库汛...