黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾生态防治研究

在对黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾和生态环境现状调查基础上,分析了洪灾与生态环境破坏之间的相关因素,证明生态环境遭到破坏可加剧洪灾发生的频率与危害程度,对此提出了保护生态环境的具体措施.     

灰色拓扑预测理论在暴雨洪涝灾害预测中的应用

本文应用灰色理论中拓扑预测的理论方法对长江中下游地区未来几年的水灾状况作了预测试验。     

ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FLOOD AND SEDIMENT CONTROL WITH DETENTION BASINS1

ABSTRACT: A framework for combining economic factors and the hydrolo of detention basins is provided. The general development of economic production functions for water quality (sediment) and flood control is discussed. Example production functions are generated to compare water quality (sediment control only) and flood control. For the given example, the design of a detention basin for downstream sediment control is economically unwarranted. When compared to on-site detention facilities, regional detention structures appear to be more practical from an economic standpoint for water quality control. Since sediment was the only water quality parameter assessed, it is entirely possible that the design of a detention basin for water quality control would be justified if the effects of all pollutants of concern could be quantified. Policy aspects of detention facilities that relate to the economics of water quality control are also discussed.     

论湖南生态环境恶化加剧了洪旱灾害

总结了湖南近年洪旱灾害特征，除了气象因素以外，论证了灾害加剧频发的原因是人口激增与资源不合理开发导致了生态环境恶化：森林锐减，水土流失，环境污染，洞庭湖生态环境变化的影响及水利失修等，据此，提了防灾减灾对策建议。     

Living on the edge of stagnant water: An assessment of environmental impacts of construction-phase drainage congestion along Dhaka city flood control embankment,Bangladesh

Environmental impacts of the construction-phase drainage congestion along the Dhaka City Flood Control Embankment were assessed by a pilot questionnaire survey (in 1991) among the target population adjacent to the embankment. The results of the survey indicated that, despite significant alleviation of river flooding, the majority of the respondents experienced a new type of flood problem in the form of stagnant water inside the embankment, immediately following its construction. Not only had this stagnant water flooded and damaged their property, it had exposed them to a number of other environmental problems, such as accumulation of municipal sewage, foul odors, mosquitoes, and growth of water hyacinth. The study found that the respondents' assessments of these environmental problems differed significantly according to the magnitude of the impact of stagnant water upon two subgroups within the target population. A postsurvey follow-up in 1994 indicated that this problem of drainage congestion had largely been alleviated by completing the construction of a number of drainage regulators. The study concludes by stressing the importance of synchronizing the construction of drainage structures with that of the embankment systems and by underlining policy implications for flood-vulnerable land use adjacent to embankments.     

赣江上中游“92·3”特大水灾的成因与灾情

本文从气象与水文角度分析了赣江上中游1992年3月特大水灾的成因,简述了灾情,对赣江洪水今后演变趋势及水灾防治对策作了初步探讨。     

中原地区旱涝等级预测──利用游程理论和王邨重建的2232a降水距平资料

本文采用王重建的２２３２ａ降水长序列运用Ｍａｒｋｏｖ过程理论分析了中原各地区旱涝等级的概率特征；定义了净旱涝历时、净旱涝烈度、平均净旱涝烈度参量，并用之建立了中原中心区降水的丰枯段等级预测模式。为中原地区旱涝分析和预测提供了理论依据。     

延安“93.8”暴雨洪水抗御经验和致灾因素分析

本文分析了延安“９３·８”暴雨洪水概况和致灾因素，总结了当地抗御暴雨洪灾的经验，并就该地区基层防汛工作、淤地坝渡汛安全和河道清障等防汛减灾措施提出了建议。     

Status report on flood warning systems in the United States

One of the major changes in flash-flood mitigation in the past decade is the number of communities that have implemented warning systems. The authors conducted a survey of 18 early-warning systems in the United States developed by communities or regions to provide protection against flash floods or dam failures. Problems revealed by the study included the following: equipment malfunctions, inadequate maintenance funding, inconsistent levels of protection and expenditure, inconsistent levels of expectations and formalization, varying levels of local commitment to the systems, underemphasis on response capability, and a tendency to over-rely on warning systems. The study also revealed some unanticipated benefits experienced by the survey communities: the warning systems serve as valuable data collection tools, a great deal of interagency cooperation has been demonstrated, and warning systems offer increased alternatives to structural modification projects. The interjurisdictional nature of drainage basins, the evolving roles of the various federal agencies involved in flood mitigation, and the lack of governmental standards of operations for flood warning systems are issues that must be considered as communities make decisions regarding the adoption of warning systems. The record on these systems is too short for a precise assessment of how successful they are; however, results of the study indicate that if the goal of reducing loss of life and property from flooding is to be achieved, warning systems must be only one part of a comprehensive flood loss reduction program.