Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Design for Assessing Human Health Impacts from Exposures to Airborne Contaminants

Existing methods of establishing ambientair quality monitoring networks typically evaluateonly parameters related to ambient concentrations ofthe contaminant(s) of interest such as emissionsource characteristics, atmospheric transport anddispersion, secondary reactions, depositioncharacteristics, and local topography. However,adverse health risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants are a function of the contaminant andthe anatomic and physiologic characteristics of theexposed population. Thus, ambient air qualitymonitoring networks designed for the protection ofpublic health or for epidemiological studiesevaluating adverse health impacts from exposures toambient air contaminants should account for bothcontaminant characteristics and human healthparameters. A methodology has been establishedwhich optimizes ambient air quality monitoringnetworks for assessments of adverse human healthimpacts from exposures to airborne contaminants byincorporating human health risk assessmenttechniques. The use of risk assessment techniquesas the basis for designing ambient air qualitymonitoring networks will help to target limitedfinancial and human resources to evaluate humanhealth risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants.     

Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach

A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios.     

层级化环境质量数据网络直报业务系统的设计和应用

分析了目前环境监测部门的数据传输现状,设计了基于VPN互联网络的环境质量数据层级化直报业务系统,介绍了网络直报系统的业务模型、数据审核和存储策略、系统功能设计及其应用等。     

Planning Tools for Developing Comprehensive Regional Monitoring Programs

We present a planning framework that structures thelarge amount of interrelated information involved indeveloping regional monitoring programs. By regionalwe mean programs that recognize the importance ofprocesses that occur on larger geographic scales andthat cut across more than one ecosystem component. Theframework helps visualize functional relationshipsamong qualitative ingredients such as public concernsand more concrete details such as individual dataelements. It portrays the flow of information amongthe components of a regional program and ties eachaspect of the program to management decision-makingneeds. This makes it easier, during the planningprocess, to ensure that monitoring will actuallyproduce useful information. Further, the frameworksnovel, graphically oriented, and readily accessibleformat makes key information equally available to thewide range of participants (regulators, scientists,managers, public) whose input and support arenecessary for program success.     

上海市污水治理二期工程扩散器的改进设计

首先对污水海洋处置工程进行了简单介绍 ,根据国内外污水海洋处置工程的设计经验 ,论述了污水海洋处置工程扩散器设计的一般准则 ;结合上海市污水治理二期工程白龙港排放口水较浅的特点 ,为了提高污水近区稀释度 ,根据物理模型试验 ,对扩散器的设计进行了改进 ,可为国内较浅水域污水海洋处置工程扩散器的设计提供参考     

高浓印染废水处理工程的设计审计与运行结果分析

通过对漂染厂生产工艺过程及排废状况进行审计研究，提出了有针对性的废水处理工艺流程，区别对待废水浓度、污染物成分、化学作用及其工艺原理，实现了废水处理各工艺段的适配与综合节能的协调，在保证废水高效达标处理的前提下使工程优化     

尖点突变模型在研究洪水引起环境突变中的应用

以1998年霍林河特大洪水为例，在进行洪水对环境影响作用分析的基础上，将洪水发生的危险系数、地面高程、地形坡度、降雨影响程度、土地盐碱率和草地开垦率6个控制变量划分为两个主分量。由于洪水引起的环境突变可以归纳为一种耦合突变，我们采用尖点突变模型进行求解，得出各主分量的数学表达式和水环境突变区域边界，绘制了该流域环境突变分区图，论证了应用尖点突变模型研究环境突变的合理性。     

乙烯装置的本质安全设计与操作

为保证乙烯装置的长期稳定运行,通过本质安全的设计和合理化操作,主要从高压脱丙烷塔、碳二前加氢、前冷系统、脱乙烷塔、甲烷化、乙烯精馏塔、丙烯精馏塔、脱丁烷塔等方面对乙烯装置可能出现的偏离正常操作情况做了详细的阐述,具有一定的指导意义。     

生物接触氧化法处理煤矿生活污水的工艺探讨

根据煤矿生活污水的特点，结合几年来工作和学习的经验及体会，论述生物接触氧化法的工艺流程，讨论设计中遇到的问题，探讨设计参数，使用填料和选取方法，为今后的污水处理站设计提供参考。     

GJB 150A淋雨试验强化试验程序数值模拟和试验装置设计研究

目的 研究GJB 150.8A—2009《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第8部分:淋雨试验》中强化试验程序的工程实现方法.方法 在标准解读的基础上,以强化试验程序用喷嘴为对象,建立数值模型,分析喷嘴在强化试验程序过程中的流场分布,并基于分析结果给出强化试验程序试验装置设计的思路和方法.结果 在喷嘴内,压力变化剧烈,极短距离内由276 kPa迅速降至101 kPa.水流经过喷嘴经历了激烈的加速过程,从距离喷嘴出口0.01～0.4 m,水流速度从251 m/s迅速降至17.8 m/s,到远场趋于稳定.结论 分析结果对指导强化试验程序的试验装置的设计和试验实施具有重要参考意义.