设计火灾时火灾热释放速率曲线的确定

在运用火灾计算机模型进行建筑物性能化消防设计与评估时,确定合理、切合实际的火灾的热释放速率曲线非常重要。基于当前国内外的研究现状,本文提出了几种符合当前技术水平且实用的确定火灾热释放速率曲线的方法,对于每种分析计算方法及其适用条件进行了详细阐述,并给出了相关的计算实例。     

SBR工艺脱氮设计的研究

SBR工艺在有效去除水中有机物的同时,兼顾脱氮除磷,不需要新增反应器,是一种高效、经济、管理简便,适用于中小水量的水处理工艺。该工艺的脱氮设计目前尚无一套完整的,公认的设计方法,本研究介绍了一种SBR工艺处理含氮污水的脱氮设计方法(如生物过程设计、水力设计),从而确定SBR工艺中的相关关键设计参数。     

On integration of policies for climate and global change

Currently envisaged mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions will be insufficient to appreciably limit climate change and its impacts. Adaptation holds the promise of ameliorating the impacts on a small subset of systems being affected. There is no question that both will be needed. However, climate change is only part of a broader multi-stress setting of global through to local changes. Privileging climate related policies over other concerns leads to tragic outcomes. Climate policies need to be designed for and integrated into this broader and challenging context. This paper focuses on placing climate change within the broader context of global change and the importance of aligning climate policy objectives with the myriad other policies that still need to be implemented if our primary goal is improving human welfare rather than limiting our focus to climate change and its impacts.     

开封城市景观生态规划

在开封市生态建设现状分析的基础上,运用景观生态学的理论和方法,从廊道、斑块、基质三个方面提出了改善开封城市景观结构,优化城市生态环境的基本思路和建议.     

Assessment of Flood Vulnerability Based on CMIP5 Climate Projections in South Korea

The objective of this article was to assess flood vulnerability based on the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios at city and county levels. A quantile mapping method was adopted to correct bias that is inherent in climate change scenarios. A series of proxy variables related to climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity were chosen to assess flood vulnerability. Proxy variables were standardized using the Z‐score method. Principal component analysis was carried out to calculate the weighting of proxy variables. The study area was the Korean peninsula. The spatial resolution was on a city and county basis and the temporal resolution was 1990s, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s (divided into 1976‐2005, 2011‐2040, 2041‐2070, and 2071‐2100). In the spatial comparison, we found that the areas with high‐level flood vulnerability increased over time in the central region, including metropolitan areas, and near the southern coast. In the temporal comparison, we found that the RCP4.5 scenario showed a tendency to increase steadily and the RCP8.5 scenario showed a tendency to decrease in the 2055s slightly and increase again in the 2085s. The study findings may provide useful data for the determination of priority for countermeasure development, though robustness of these findings with additional future projections should be established.     

改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水工程实例

介绍了重庆市童家溪区污水处理厂的工艺流程,及其各构筑物和主要设备的参数.该工艺采用改良A2/O型氧化沟处理城市污水,该工艺将A2/O与氧化沟相结合,具有两者的优点,且能耗省、脱N除P的特点,出水水质达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级标准的B标准.     

A2/O法处理城市污水工程实例

介绍了黄冈市遗爱湖污水处理厂的工艺流程,各构筑物和主要设备的参数.该工艺采用A2/O生物处理池、二沉池及消毒池合建,具有占地小,能耗省的特点,且出水水质达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级标准的B标准.     

构建三元混合污染物的三维等效图

等效线分析法广泛应用于二元混合物的毒性相互作用评估.然而,如何构建三维等效图以考察三元混合物中发生的毒性相互作用至今没有文献报道.本研究的主要目的即以三元混合物中3个组分的相对浓度为坐标轴建立三维等效图以考察三元混合物的毒性相互作用.以6种目前在中国广泛使用的农药,包括3种除草剂(2,4-D、敌草净、西草净)和3种杀虫剂(乐果、吡虫啉、残杀威)为混合物组分,采用均匀设计射线法(UD-Ray)分别对三元除草剂和三元杀虫剂混合物中各组分浓度分布进行优化设计,以全面表征实际混合物的浓度多样性.通过费氏弧菌微板毒性分析法测定农药及其三元混合物在不同浓度下的发光抑制毒性,以浓度加和(CA)模型为加和参考模型,建立三维等效图,分析各混合物的毒性相互作用.结果表明,三维等效图能清晰、直观地反映三元混合物的毒性相互作用信息,开拓等效分析法在三元混合物毒性分析中的应用.     

重点环境风险源监控技术库设计研究

基于我国重大环境污染事故频繁发生,环境风险防范管理需求日益迫切,针对风险源的环境监测监控技术缺乏系统的梳理和分类的现状,开展了重点环境风险源监控技术库设计研究。通过资料收集和对现有污染物监测技术、原理等的分析,借鉴成熟的仪器设备信息,从监控技术的指标、参数、原理、技术方法、设备优选等方面对重点环境风险源监控技术库进行了设计,以期为我国环境风险管理提供技术支持。     

基于泥质的污泥脱水策略与数学模型构建研究

本研究以无锡市A~2O-MBR(Anaeroxic Anoxic Oxic-Membrane Bio-Reactor,A~2O-MBR)工艺、CAST(Cyclic Activated Sludge System,CAST)工艺和氧化沟工艺3种不同工艺的污泥泥质为对象,通过试验测定7种污泥泥质参数,分析不同污泥泥质参数间相关性.并通过主成分分析发现含固率、胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS)蛋白质和多糖是影响污泥脱水性能的主要因素.通过均匀设计实验探究不同药剂投配比对污泥毛细吸水时间及有机物含量的影响,并采用统计分析软件(Statistical Product and Service Solutions,SPSS)构建污泥脱水药剂线性回归模型,得到线性方程:含固率=2.5049-0.0261X_1-2.28×10~(-3)X_2;有机物=40.5728-0.1894X_1+0.2264X_2.通过验证试验发现,此线性方程残差低于3.0,可用于指导实际工程中药剂投配比.