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31.
引水调控改善太湖湖湾水环境及其效果预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在总结太湖水污染问题的基础上,分析得出水流缓慢、动力掺混能力弱、水流交换不畅、水体自净能力差、纳污能力小、入湖污染负荷量大且远超过湖湾的纳污能力是梅梁湖湾水污染严重的主要原因,提出区域水污染综合治理、入湖污染物总量控制、引水调控等水污染防治策略及其关键控制技术,利用数值模拟技术给出了太湖梅梁湖湾入湖污染物排放总量控制定额,并结合引江济太调水试验,采用平面二维水流水质数学模型模拟预测引水调控对梅梁湖湾的水环境改善效果及大流量集中调水和小流量维持性调水的水环境 相似文献
32.
LIANG Xin-qiang CHEN Ying-xu LI Hu TIAN Guang-ming ZHANG Zhi-jian NI Wu-zhong HE Miao-miao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(12):1474-1481
A field experiment located in Taihu Lake Basin of China was conducted,by application of urea or a mixture of urea with manure, to elucidate the interception of nitrogen(N)export in a typical rice field through"zero-drainage water management"combined with sound irrigation,rainfall forecasting and field drying,N concentrations in floodwater rapidly declined before the first event of field drying after three split fertilizations,and subsequently tended to retum to the background level.Before the first field drying,total particulate nitrogen(TPN)was the predominant N form in floodwater of plots with no N input,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)on plots that received urea only,and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)on plots treated with the mixture of urea and manure.Thereafter TPN became the major form.No N export was found from the rice field,but total nitrogen(TN)of 15.8 kg/hm~2 was remained,mainly due to soil N sorption.The results recommended the zero-drainage water management for full-scale areas for minimizing N export. 相似文献
33.
Manfred Fehr 《The Environmentalist》2006,26(1):21-29
Summary Present municipal waste management paradigms in Brazil do not allow for flexible approaches to solving an extremely dynamic
problem. This paper discusses the basic flaws in present thinking models of residents and municipal administrators. Fundamental
arguments presented on municipal solid waste relate to nomenclature, destinations, definitions, logistics, social dynamics,
social assistance programs, education and employment philosophies. In each case, the consequences of the stalemate are explained
in terms of the unsustainable situation of constantly growing landfills. In sequence, a proactive thinking model is presented
and explained that has the potential of drastically reducing landfill size. It is called Municipal Transit Material Processing.
The model has been tested successfully in small communities and is now available for scale-up. The landfill diversion achieved
stands at 62% of household waste in comparison with 15% theoretically possible in Brazil with selective collection models.
Although of necessity the arguments apply directly to Brazil, the basic ideas behind the reasoning may be extrapolated to
other Southern countries. The following simple example will illustrate to the reader the type of paradigm inversion the paper
proposes to convey. The classical political slogan in Brazil is “get children out of garbage dumps”. The inversion proposed
and explained is “do away with garbage dumps”. 相似文献
34.
由于水资源分布不均、水污染日趋严重,调水工程已不仅用以解决城市资源型缺水,也成为一些地区缓解水质型缺水问题的途径,但是这些耗资巨大的调水工程往往对周围自然生态环境可能产生巨大影响,可能带来的环境成本不容忽视。以千岛湖配水工程为例,通过在调水地进行实地调研和问卷调查,运用Tobit模型分析影响居民支付意愿的因素,基于意愿调查法(CVM)分析了建德市人民对千岛湖配水工程的生态环境影响的支付意愿,并以此估算该工程的环境成本。结果表明,调水地居民对恢复和改善可能破坏的生态环境的平均支付意愿约为每人每年377.6~542.1元,按照年配水量9.78亿 m3可以计算每吨水的环境成本约为0.15~0.21元。由此估算,工程期内千岛湖配水工程可能造成的环境成本总计约为5.80~8.28亿元,高于2014年公布的《杭州市第二水源千岛湖配水工程环境影响报告书》(下文简称《报告书》)中对该工程的环境经济影响评价3.70亿元。千岛湖配水工程的环境成本不容忽视,必须建立科学的生态补偿机制,加强监管;同时受水地也应积极加强污染治理和节约用水,共同解决城市水质型缺水问题。 相似文献
35.
36.
跨流域调水人为地改变了地区水情,势必会改变原有的生态环境.以兴宁市东江引水工程为例,为识别跨流域调水工程的生态影响,应充分考虑跨流域调水对水源区、输水区和受水区的生态影响特征,利用矩阵法识别引水工程的主要生态影响,从物理化学系统、生物系统、社会经济系统三方面构建兴宁市东江引水工程对水源区、输水区和受水区的生态影响评价指标体系,并根据工程目标确定指标权重的选取原则及结果,对于科学合理地评价跨流域调水工程的生态影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
37.
Jian‐xia Chang Yi‐min Wang Qiang Huang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(1):70-80
Chang, Jian‐xia, Yi‐min Wang, and Qiang Huang, 2011. Water Dispatch Model for Middle Route of a South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project in China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):70‐80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00478.x Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present a simulation model to address the water dispatch problem of the south‐to‐north water transfer project for the Middle Route system in China. Reasonable rules and a system network structure are established. This model consists of five modules: (1) a data‐processing module, (2) an initial control module, (3) a multisource simulation dispatch module, (4) a system identification module, and (5) a revision module. Water allocated to each province and city along the route is obtained by simulation, and the long‐term operation results show that water supply reliabilities are significantly improved if the transferred water is jointly dispatched with the local water resources. 相似文献
38.
We analyze the process of landfill diversion and its main determinants, by embedding the dynamics in a frame where economic, geographical and policy variables come into play. In addition to structural and economic drivers, we primarily investigate whether the Italian tax has been effective in supporting landfill diversion. Although the Italian landfill tax dates back to 1996, the oldest in the EU, its effectiveness in terms of landfill diversion has not been assessed yet. The complexity primarily derives from the decentralized regional implementation and the absence of a full coherent dataset covering all regions. We merge this new and original data on taxes to an integrated dataset which includes economic, waste and policy variables at regional level over the period 1999–2008. Panel regressions show that the effect of tax is significant, even when taking into account for its possible endogeneity. Regions that have increased such taxes have improved waste disposal performances over time. Landfill taxes are surely not the only instrument policy makers might introduce, but they seem to play a relevant role in the evolution of Italian waste disposal performances. 相似文献
39.
Urine diversion (UD) has great potential to contribute to sustainably managing wastewater by separating urine at the source and recovering nutrients for reuse in agriculture. While factors enabling the UD technology in Sweden are thought to involve policies supporting nutrient recovery/reuse, on closer inspection, the variable success of UD systems has revealed that critical factors for success also relate to human-centred issues of social organisation, participation and incorporation of social knowledges of a variety of stakeholders into the decision-making process in which new technologies are trialled and adopted. Through the analytical lens of strategic niche management, we consider how early experimentation in UD has involved user participation and whether internal processes of learning, networking and visioning have been consciously considered and to what effect. As niche experiments are enabled/disabled not only by informal institutions such as values and social norms but also formal regulatory institutions, we have concurrently analysed the broader environment in which policies and institutions influence, to varying degrees, the uptake of UD. 相似文献
40.