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排序方式: 共有199条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Anthropogenic metal cycles in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tao Wang Jiansu Mao Jeremiah Johnson Barbara K. Reck Thomas E. Graedel 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):188-197
The flows and stocks of seven important industrial metals were characterized for mainland China for several years in the dynamically
changing decade of 1994–2004. One-year snapshot cycles are provided for chromium, nickel, and silver. For copper, zinc, lead,
and iron, multiple-year cycles have been completed; they demonstrate that the flows of these metals into use in China doubled
between 2000 and 2004. Although the Chinese per capita flows from production to disposal are mostly shown to be below the
global average rate, they are increasing or are expected to increase dramatically. The metal resource efficiency is evaluated
for several indicators of material flow analysis; these metrics for China are also below the global average values. The research
quantitatively illustrates that China’s metal cycles may pose significant resource and environmental challenges in terms of
their magnitudes and potential for growth. 相似文献
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A European model for waste and material flows 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Frits Mller Andersen Helge Larsen Mette Skovgaard Stephan Moll Stphane Isoard 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2007,49(4):421-435
The use of materials and the generation of waste are linked to economic activities and in many projections these are assumed to be a constant ratio of the economic activities. This may be the case considering detailed economic activities and unchanged technology. However, the assumption of constant coefficients is questionable when linking material use and waste generation to aggregated economic activities. Therefore, in this paper, econometrics is used to test the assumption of constant waste coefficients empirically. The analyses show that an assumption of constant waste coefficients is not supported, generally, and a model allowing for trendwise changing coefficients is developed and used for projections of waste and material flows in 25 European countries. 相似文献
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在分析城市步行街及其周边存在人车混行、人员密度高、通行效率低、潜在的危险大的基础上,笔者用计算机模拟方法研究了沈阳市中街步行街的一个人车混行的交叉路口,实际勘察了十字路口道路格局、车流、人流状况,测量、估计通过路口的人数、流量,根据获得的数据,对不设置交通信号灯、设置信号灯、建设过街天桥或地下通道等几种情况进行模拟,得到各种情况下的通行效率,并对不同的过街方案的优缺点进行比较。最终选择过街方案需要综合考虑影响安全和效率的多种因素,包括地域、人流量、路口宽度、周边交通等因素,用较小的经济投入取得最大的通行效率。文中的模拟采用EXODUS软件。 相似文献
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河流生态基流量整合计算模型 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
针对北方地区流域水域生态系统人工化明显和河流断流的现状,提出了河流生态基流量的概念,并分析了其内涵.河流生态基流量包括河道生态基流量、河口生态基流量和湿地生态基流量.河流生态基流量计算应考虑流域内不同水系、不同河段生态环境的差异性和时空变化规律.通过改进生态环境需水量的计算方法,分析河流的空间结构特征、各河段的相互关系以及流域的水特征,提出了整合计算模型.整合计算模型分为2类:不同水系和同一水系的整合.同一水系整合计算模型又分为:河流生态基流量整合模型、河流与湿地生态基流量的整合以及河道生态基流量的整合模型.其中最为复杂的河道生态基流量的整合模型共分为6种形式:简单式、汇流式、分流式、组合式、交叉式和河口式.研究结果表明:各子系统的生态基流量是河流生态基流量整合计算的基础;河流生态基流量保证系数是计算的重要参数,其值在确定基数的基础上,通过恢复模式和空间优化配置这2个影响因子进行调整而得到,取值范围为[0,1];整合计算模型需要明确消耗性生态基流量和非消耗性生态基流量,消耗性生态基流量不受保证系数的影响,非消耗性生态基流量因保证系数取值的不同而变化. 相似文献
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Phytoremediation and soil washing are both potentially useful for remediating arsenic(As)-contaminated soils.We evaluated the effectiveness of a combined process coupling phytoremediation and in situ soil flushing for removal of As in contaminated soil through a pilot study.The results showed that growing Pteris vittata L.(P.v.) accompanied by soil flushing of phosphate(P.v./Flushing treatment) could significantly decrease the total As concentration of soil over a 37 day flushing period compared with the single flushing(Flushing treatment).The P.v./Flushing treatment removed 54.04% of soil As from contaminated soil compared to 47.16% in Flushing treatment,suggesting that the growth of P.vittata was beneficial for promoting the removal efficiency.We analyzed the As fractionation in soil and As concentration in soil solution to reveal the mechanism behind this combined process.Results showed that comparing with the control treatment,the percent of labile arsenate fraction significantly increased by 17% under P.v./Flushing treatment.As concentration in soil solution remained a high lever during the middle and later periods(51.26–56.22 mg/L),which was significantly higher than the Flushing treatment.Although soil flushing of phosphate for more than a month,P.vittata still had good accumulation and transfer capacity of As of the soil.The results of the research revealed that combination of phytoremediation and in situ soil flushing is available to remediate As-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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气水冲洗滤池是目前广泛使用的滤池池型。由于气水冲洗滤池的配水配气系统较常规滤复杂,且在我国推广应用的时间不长,因此在设计过程中有一些细节因素容易被忽略,部分水厂的实际运行效果并不理想。结合工程实例,对如何优化滤池的设计进行了详细地阐述与剖析。 相似文献