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本文在贵阳市市中心区和郊区设置两个采样点位,采集春季和冬季PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)样品,在封闭溶样装置中采用HF和王水消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定颗粒物中铂族元素的含量,研究了大气颗粒物中铂族元素的污染特征。结果表明,市中心区样品中铂族元素的浓度大于郊区,其含量与交通密度有关;与Pt和Rh相比,颗粒物中Pd的浓度更高,Pd具有较大的溶解性,可能会给人类健康带来更严重的危害;颗粒物中铂族元素的浓度呈现季节性变化,冬季大于春季。与国外其他城市相比,贵阳市大气颗粒物中铂族元素的污染程度较低,但这种潜在的重金属污染应引起重视。 相似文献
123.
Min Yang Ashraful Islam Guangxi Sun Ayman N. Saber Wei Shang Xingcan Zheng Yu Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):174-183
This study provided insights into the persistent yellowish color in biological and tertiary effluents of municipal wastewater through a multi-characterization approach and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis. The characterization was performed on three to five full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including differential log-transformed absorbance (DLnA) spectroscopy, resin fractionation, size-exclusion chromatography for apparent molecular weight analysis (SEC-AMW), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Hydrophobic acids (HPOA) were abundant in visible colored dissolved organic matter (DOM). The SEC-AMW result showed that the molecular weight of the colored substances in the secondary effluents is mainly distributed in the range of 2–3 kDa. Through XPS analysis, C-O/C-N and pyrrolic/pyridonic (N-5) were found to be positively correlated with chroma. PARAFAC component models were built on biological (two components) and tertiary effluent (three components) and the correlation analysis revealed that PARAFAC component 2 in biological effluent (BE-C2) and component 1 in tertiary effluent (TE-C1), which were ascribed to Hydrophobic acids and Humic acid-like, were the responsible visible colored DOM components cause yellowish color. In addition, component similarity testing found that the identified visible colored DOM PARAFAC BE-C2, and PARAFAC TE-C1 were identical (0.96) in physicochemical properties, with 4% removal efficacy on average, compared with 11% for invisible colored DOM. This implied that tertiary effluents containing colorants (TE-C1) were resistant to degradation/removal using different disinfection and filtration processes in advanced treatments. This sheds light on many physicochemical aspects of PARAFAC-identified visible colored DOM components and provides spectral data to build an online monitoring system. 相似文献
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Objectives Support after fetal diagnosis of abnormality (SAFDA), is a facilitated shared experience group for women and their partners or support person, in Victoria, Australia, who have had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the SAFDA-facilitated group. Methods A questionnaire-based study was undertaken between 2001 and 2005 to evaluate SAFDA. A deidentified self-completed questionnaire was given to participants at the end of each group and included questions relating to the referring professional, participants' prior expectations of the group, helpfulness of participation, preferred group format, length, and venue. In addition, there was also opportunity for participants to make general comments on their experiences of participating in SAFDA. Results A total of 85 participants (100% response) completed the questionnaire. Seventy-one participants (84%) considered it ‘very helpful’ to participate in the group. Seventy-eight participants (92%) considered that a shared-experience group was the most beneficial format. Comments written by participants affirmed that the present format of SAFDA was a highly valued opportunity to listen to and share experiences in a confidential small group. Conclusion SAFDA is a beneficial forum for women and their partners or support person to share their experiences after having had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. Further, SAFDA provides information and insights for health professionals who are considering how best to support women. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
126.
从水资源短缺、水环境污染、城市环境污染等多方面分析了滇中城市群的环境脆弱性,在此基础上,提出了滇中城市群可持续发展的对策。 相似文献
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优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
对采用投优势菌群的水解(酸化)-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。 相似文献
129.
Whether plant coexistence can reduce the impacts of lead (Pb) on crops in agroecosystems has not been well understood. We conducted a factorial experiment to investigate the effects of weeds coexisting with maize (Zea mays L.) on Pb accumulation in maize and soil microbes at two Pb levels (ambient and 300 mg/kg). Elevated Pb tended to increase the Pb concentration in maize and decreased soil microbial activity (indicated by the average well color development, AWCD), functional group diversity, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and vesicle number of maize. Compared to the monoculture, weeds coexisting with maize reduced the Pb concentrations in the root, leaf, sheath and stem of maize at both seedling and mature stages. In maize-weed mixtures, soil microbial activity and functional group diversity tended to increase for both Pb treatments relative to the monoculture. Furthermore, principal component analysis revealed that the soil microbial community structure changed with the introduction of weeds. The highest Pb accumulation in weeds occurred for the elevated Pb treatment in a three species mixture. The results suggest that multiple plant species coexistence could reduce lead accumulation in crop plants and alleviate the negative impacts on soil microbes in polluted land, thereby highlighting the significance of plant diversity in agroecosystems. 相似文献
130.
为研究北京市中心城区铂族元素(PGEs)的污染状况,于2009年12月采集了二环道路尘土样品.样品经王水消解和阳离子交换树脂分离纯化后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了道路尘土中PGEs的含量.结果表明,二环道路尘土中,Pd的含量为17.40~458.75 ng.g-1(平均值为126.66 ng.g-1),Pt的含量为10.04~182.89 ng.g-1(平均值为65.25ng.g-1),Rh的含量为4.00~68.04 ng.g-1(平均值为22.67 ng.g-1).与国内外其它城市相比,Pt含量偏低,Pd和Rh含量处于中等水平.总体而言,近几年道路尘土中Pd含量有了较大幅度的升高.中心城区的PGEs平均含量从大到小的顺序为:西二环≈东二环>北二环>南二环,主要受机动车流量控制.不同粒径的道路尘土中PGEs含量不同,0.125~0.25 mm粒径范围内尘土中的PGEs含量最高,而粒径<0.063 mm的尘土中PGEs含量较低.采用粒径<0.063 mm尘土中的PGEs含量来评价整个道路尘土中的PGEs含量容易导致结果偏低,从而低估其在环境的污染水平. 相似文献