外商股权投资国有自来水公司的模式探讨

本文重点分析和探讨了外商在符合目前我国相关法规的前提下，投资国内自来水行业的交易模式及其优缺点。其中，三权分离模式是结合2006年正式施行的新公司法提出的一种创新性的操作模式，可为国内项目的实际运作提供新的思路和途径。     

Ethical Issues Related to Food Sector Evolution in Developing Countries: About Sustainability and Equity

After a century of major technicaladvance, essentially achieved by and for theindustrialized countries, the evolution of thefood sector in southern countries should nolonger be thought of in terms of a ``headlongpursuit.'' In the present context of demographicgrowth, urbanization, poverty and disparities,environmental degradation, and globalization oftrade, new priorities have emerged, and newethical questions have been raised, mainlyrelated to sustainability and equity. Thispaper analyses these ethical concerns in thefollowing terms: can the model of food sectordevelopment initiated by the industrializedcountries be applied to the entire world on asustainable and equitable basis, given theeffects of this development with regard to theenergy consumed, the changes in dietarybehavior and related nutritional problems, thenew demands in terms of food safety, thequestions of biodiversity, ownership ofknowledge, cultural identities, gender issues,and Man's relationship to food and Nature?     

Representing inequities in the distribution of socio-economic benefits and environmental risk

There is currently no standard methodfor analyzing claims of environmental inequity. Neitheris there a database of statistics on the extent ofrelationship between regional indicators ofenvironmental quality, likely sources of pollution, andthe demographic characteristics of affectedpopulations. The resolution of environmental disputesis often hampered by inadequate communication betweenstakeholder groups about their perceptions andprioritization of the issues in dispute and bydifferential access to information about the issues byeach stakeholder group. This paper describes a web-based tool, ICEP, that uses multi-layered GIS maps toestablish a standard method for analyzing claims ofenvironmental inequity and establish a database ofcorrelation coefficients between environmentalindicators, industry type by SIC code, and demographiccharacteristics of the population in proximity tonoxious facilities. The maps are generated fromstakeholder reports of environmental quality and aredesigned to be accessible via the Internet. Thisprovides stakeholders with direct access to graphicaldisplays of the perceptions of their co-stakeholdersand provides all groups with links to relevantinformation sources about the issues in dispute. ICEPenhances existing community environmental websites likeScorecard and Envirofacts by providingdisplays of median household income as a measure of thedistribution of benefits accrued within an area.     

大气污染物总量分配公平性评价研究

污染物总量的合理分配是总量控制的核心内容,目前对于总量分配方案的公平性评价缺乏定量化依据,文章应用经济学Gini系数和Lorenz曲线的概念定量评价污染物总量分配公平性.以"十一五"期间广东省环保局下达到珠三角各城市的SO2总量分配方案为评价对象,考虑各地的环境容量、排放现状、人口和国内生产总值因素,计算基尼系数.结果表明:分配方案比较合理,能普遍被珠三角各城市所接受,但从社会经济发展和环境属性角度来看分配方案不够均衡,需进一步调整.     

对外援助能促进能源对外直接投资吗?——来自中国企业的微观证据

使用由多个数据库链接的微观数据,对中国对外援助能否促进中国企业的能源对外直接投资（Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI）决策进行计量检验,结果发现：中国在东道国的援助活动显著增大了中国企业对东道国进行能源OFDI的概率,且当年援助的投资促进效应大于累计援助的促进效应,该结果在多种模型设定下均表现稳健;进一步检验中,研究发现中国对外援助对能源OFDI的促进效应在援助形式、用途和国家类别上存在广泛异质性,其中复合化和高级化的援助形式如技术援助和出口信贷,直接用于经济基础设施、能源产业发展、东道国政府财政的援助,以及援助“一带一路”沿线国家更能激发中国对外援助的能源OFDI促进效应。本文为中国对外援助能够带动中国能源OFDI提供了直接的微观证据,也为如何发挥对外援助的能源OFDI驱动效应提供了有益启示。     

浅论我国环境法与外商投资的关系

为调整外商中的投资环境保护问题,我佃环境法已经形成了一个包括宪法性规范,专项单行立法,地方性法规及国际公约等多层次的法律框架。我国将外商投资项目分为鼓励允许、限制禁止四类,并规定了外商投资应遵循的若干环境管理措施。但总体上看我国环境法还存在立法和执法缺陷,亟待完善。     

不同产权制度下青藏高原地区草地资源使用的效率与公平性分析

论文基于四川省若尔盖牧区两个村落的田野调查,通过草地资源使用的效率和公平性指标,比较草场使用权全村共有和牧户私有这两种产权制度下的经济与社会效益。研究表明,在青藏高原牧区,草场使用权全村共有较牧户私有在资源使用的效率与公平性两个方面均能获得更好的表现。这是因为全村共有的使用权制度更契合当地的自然与社会实情,这包括草地资源时空差异大的自然条件、藏传佛教浸润下的文化氛围以及较强的社区自组织管理能力的社会背景。因此,建议我国在制定与推行草场使用权制度时,应考虑制度实施地的自然环境与社会文化等各方面背景因素,不能简单地在所有牧区强行推进一种产权制度。     

Global gains at local costs: Imposing protected areas: evidence from central India

With the ever-increasing understanding about the Earth as a living network of interdependent ecosystems, there seems to be a growing consensus that the whole planet is a global common. This feeling, however, is not bereft of severe complications arising from conflicting interests of different nations placed at varying levels of development. While developed countries are more concerned about environmental quality which is a global public good, less developed countries can hardly afford to make land use decisions that keep such wider futuristic concerns in mind while they are presently struggling with very basic problems of poverty and starvation. The actors at the global level prescribe, monitor, and enforce the global level collective choice through persuasive, and at times coercive, methods. At the national level, various legal provisions in the form of legislation reflect the collective choice at that level through creation of protected areas devoid of humans. A simple fact is overlooked, that it is impossible to achieve conservation goals without making local people equal participants in decisionmaking and benefit sharing.     

不确定条件下总量分配的研究

实施污染物排放总量控制的过程中,总量分配的合理性是体现污染源与污染源之间、管理者与被管理之间能否实现“公平性” 的重要依据和基础,也是关系到总量控制能否顺利实施的重要问题。本文运用不确定性分析对此进行了一些有益的探索,目的是为进行污染物排放总量控制的规划与管理决策者提供分析和解决问题的新思路。     

基于基尼系数的乌梁素海流域污染负荷分配

在水体污染物总量控制分配中,科学合理地分配污染物排放指标是实施水体环境管理的关键.将应用在经济领域衡量居民收入分配公平程度的基尼系数引入环境领域,提出环境基尼系数这一新概念用于解决流域内各分区污染物总量控制分配的问题.以乌梁素海流域为例,分别以流域内各分区人口、水资源量和国内生产总值(GDP)作为流域内基尼系数的分配指...