论可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响

可持续发展思想是社会发展的必然产物 ,它必将对上层建筑产生重大影响。本文从这个意义上论述了可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响 ,剖析了可持续发展中环境与资源之间的相互关系 ,以期推动法理学的改革和发展 ,进而更好地保障我国可持续发展战略的顺利实施。     

我国利用外商直接投资与环境保护问题

随着改革开放的深入发展，我国利用外资规模不断扩大，特别是近几年来，利用外商直接投资的额度每年都上新台阶。外商直接投资对我国经济发展起到了重要作用，但往往人们在注重经济发展时，却忽视了环境污染问题。目前我国迫切需要正确处理好利用外商直接投资与保护环境的关系，采取有效的对策，实现二者的协调发展。     

我国民营企业对美国直接投资的空间分布特征研究——以华为技术有限公司为例

自2005年以来,中国对外直接投资快速增长,美国是中国直接投资的重要东道国。而我国民营企业以其产权明晰、机制灵活、运作高效等优势成为我国对美国直接投资中最具发展潜力和最活跃的一部分。根据国家商务部提供的数据,对我国民营企业对美国直接投资的现状、投资的行业分布、投资的方式、投资的空间分布等进行了分析,并以我国最大的民营企业华为技术有限公司为例,研究其在美国的直接投资空间分布特征,从而为我国民营企业在美国直接投资的区位选择提供参考依据。     

A case for gender equity in governance of the Okavango Delta fisheries in Botswana

Fish is a major source of livelihood for the majority of people living around the Okavango Delta in northwestern Botswana. Gender dynamics and governance regimes determine differential access to, and control of, resources between women and men in the area. The purpose of this case study is to critically assess the embeddedness of gendered inequities in the governance of Okavango Delta fishery. Primary data was collected through focus group discussions and face‐to‐face interviews of 96 basket fishers from five villages along the Panhandle area of the Okavango River. The study found that past and present Okavango Delta fishery policy and programme interventions tended to entrench rather than minimize gendered disparities between women and men fishers' access to and control over fish resources, asset accumulation and employment opportunities. Basket fishers have intimate knowledge of flood variability, fish migration and habitat and use this knowledge to make decisions about when and where to harvest what fish species. Women fishers' ecological knowledge, interests and concerns however, have been excluded from current zoning and closed season regulations and co‐management structures. The paper concludes that past and current development interventions as well as the regulatory framework continue to entrench pre‐existing gender relations in the fishery sector which excludes, disempowers and marginalizes women fishers. We recommend innovative co‐management and local based structures which recognize the diversity of interests and interest groups.     

秦皇岛“国际旅游名城”建设中高素质涉外旅游人才的培养策略

建设国际旅游名城不可或缺的人力资源之一是高素质的涉外旅游人才。从秦皇岛旅游立市及创建国际旅游名城的大背景出发,分析秦皇岛面临的国际旅游发展机遇,阐述涉外旅游人才的种类和含义,并针对所需人才特点提出了培养思路和策略。     

Economic Growth,Climate Change,Biodiversity Loss: Distributive Justice for the Global North and South

Abstract: Economic growth‐the increase in production and consumption of goods and services‐must be considered within its biophysical context. Economic growth is fueled by biophysical inputs and its outputs degrade ecological processes, such as the global climate system. Economic growth is currently the principal cause of increased climate change, and climate change is a primary mechanism of biodiversity loss. Therefore, economic growth is a prime catalyst of biodiversity loss. Because people desire economic growth for dissimilar reasons‐some for the increased accumulation of wealth, others for basic needs‐how we limit economic growth becomes an ethical problem. Principles of distributive justice can help construct an international climate‐change regime based on principles of equity. An equity‐based framework that caps economic growth in the most polluting economies will lessen human impact on biodiversity. When coupled with a cap‐and‐trade mechanism, the framework can also provide a powerful tool for redistribution of wealth. Such an equity‐based framework promises to be more inclusive and therefore more effective because it accounts for the disparate developmental conditions of the global north and south.     

公平和效率维度下中国省际碳权分配原则分析

区域碳权分配原则决定了中国省际碳减排的压力,也是激励各地区转向清洁能源及减排技术创新的基础。本文运用非径向方向性距离函数(NDDF)测算了2011-2014年中国省际全要素碳排放效率(TFC)与技术差距比(CTGR),以分析各地区基于效率最优的碳减排潜力(CRC),进而确定中国区域碳权分配原则。结果表明,各地区减排潜力呈现出与经济发展水平相似的空间分布特征;"十二五"期间海南与安徽两地已处于减排的前沿面,但单一的公平原则挫伤了其持续减排的积极性,而其它低效率省市短时间内无法通过技术效率提升减排能力;无论是单一的公平原则还是单一的效率原则均无法保证各地区碳减排的合理性、稳定性与持久性;而兼顾公平与效率的原则在增加绝对碳排放效率的同时,减少了地区差异。公平与效率原则的动态混合机制更符合中国省际碳减排现状,初期应遵循"公平优先,兼顾效率",随着经济企稳,应转向"效率优先,兼顾公平"。     

“洋垃圾”对中国生态环境的影响及海关风险管控探析

洋垃圾是当前最严重的全球环境问题之一。我国作为洋垃圾的主要输入国,生态环境安全正遭受严重的威胁。海关管控洋垃圾的力度和水平是影响洋垃圾走私进境规模及其生态环境破坏程度的关键因素。虽然我国海关对洋垃圾的管控水平不断提高,但相比洋垃圾数量庞大的走私规模和日趋严重的环境污染,现有的海关风险管控举措无法保障减少乃至杜绝洋垃圾进境目标的实现。本文从洋垃圾的品类细分、对生态环境造成的可能污染分类开始,结合洋垃圾污染的实际案例,总结出我国海关风险管控缺失的危害,提出基于AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)层次分析方法,对洋垃圾海关风险进行等级评判,将洋垃圾海关风险因素从企业和货物两个方面分解为四个因素,以此来分析洋垃圾的海关风险。采用多级模糊综合评判法确定各指标权重并构建洋垃圾海关风险等级评判模型,并以2013年海关绿篱行动对该模型进行可行性验证,进而提炼出海关风险管控三大体系,即海关监管、海关稽查和海关缉私风险管控体系,并据此总结出这三个层面的风险管控措施,每层措施又分别给出相应的分级动态调整管控手段。这些海关风险管控措施和手段对于防止洋垃圾进境对我国生态环境的破坏起到积极的作用。     

外军装备环境适应性典型案例

介绍了外军在陆军装备、空军装备、海军装备、导弹和核武器等方面大量的环境适应性质量故障和事故的典型案例。这些案例表明,武器装备的环境适应性能力不但会影响装备战技性能的充分发挥．造成巨大的经济损失,而且有可能决定战争的进程和胜败。     

论对外引资中的环境管理

对外引资中的环境管理是尚未引起人们充分重视的严重问题，这一问题解决得好坏将直接影响对外引资工作的健康发展。本文论述了强化对外引资中环境管理的必要性，提出了强化管理的原则、目标以及对策。