Evaluating internalization of multifunctionality by farm diversification: evidence from educational dairy farms in Japan

Farm diversification by farmers' open-door policy generates opportunities for farmers to internalize externalities of multifunctionality. Although the educational function of agriculture is an example of such an open-door policy and is attracting growing attention, this function has been little explored. To promote farm diversification in this direction, this paper examined how and to what degree farmers internalize externalities of multifunctionality by focusing on the educational function provided by dairy farming, i.e., farming experience services, in Japan. The main findings were as follows. First, we can say that the educational function is determined by ordinary technical jointness as well as institutional jointness, which is represented by food culture and the agrarian heritage. Both the technical and institutional jointness enhanced the externality. Because of these two working factors, there is a U-shaped relationship between farm diversification and provision of farming experience services. Second, however, an empirical evaluation indicated that farmers only partially internalize educational externalities by treating them as supplementary services combined with processed milk products. Therefore, appropriate integrated management of these newly emerging educational services to become a viable market should be fully addressed in the future, especially for family farms.     

辽宁省主体功能区划分指标体系优化研究

在国家推荐的<省级主体功能区划分技术规程(试用)>以及具体建议的基础上,根据辽宁省的实际情况,提出选择区划关键指标的基本原则,并对全省主体功能区划分的指标体系进行了选择和优化.基于以上基础工作,进一步以全省100个县(市、区)为基础,将全省合并为58个分析评价单元,采用选择的关键划分指标和实际数据,运用SPSS软件的K-均值聚类方法,初步划分出9个优化开发区、27重点开发区、14个限制开发的农业地区和8个限制开发的生态地区.     

基于FMEA与RBF神经网络的LPG汽车罐车储罐系统故障诊断

为了对液化石油气(LPG)公路运输罐车储罐系统故障进行准确、全面的诊断,通过利用故障模式影响分析方法(FMEA)构建储罐系统故障模式及故障特征指标,根据日常检测数据构造训练样本,运用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对网络进行训练建立诊断模型并利用诊断模型对罐车故障进行诊断。经验证:诊断结果与实际情况相符合。因此,基于FMEA与RBF神经网络所构建的模型可以用于危险化学品汽车罐车储罐系统的故障诊断。     

城市危机管理系统鲁棒性评价研究——以上海市危机管理系统为例

为提高城市危机管理系统的鲁棒性,探究影响系统鲁棒性的主要因素,建立城市危机管理系统的鲁棒性评价体系。采用因子分析中的主成分分析法,分析评价上海市2004—2009年危机管理系统鲁棒性评价指标的数据,并根据数据分析结果找出影响城市危机管理系统鲁棒性的主成分和因子。结果表明,上海危机管理系统的鲁棒性呈现日趋增强的趋势,企业亏损程度、犯罪率、离婚率、对外界公共卫生事件的防御程度、自然灾害因素对上海危机管理系统的影响较大。提高企业盈利能力、降低犯罪率和离婚率、提高公共卫生防御能力、完善自然灾害预防措施有助于增强城市危机管理系统的鲁棒性。     

城市重大危机事件演化的动力学模型研究

建立了城市重大危机事件的＂事件链＂,并分析了＂事件链＂中各状态的相互关系。基于SEIS传染病模型的思想,提出了一类城市重大危机事件的动力学模型。分别在不考虑外部因素对事件链的影响和考虑外部因素对事件链的影响的情况下,对事件从正常状态到危机状态沿时间的发展趋势和规律进行了分析,并对解进行Lyapunov稳定性分析以及计算机模拟仿真。研究表明：系统自身的修复能力和外部因素对系统的影响是控制危机事件的重要因素。     

BP墨西哥湾漏油事件应急处置与危机管理的启示

发生在2010年4月份的越洋钻探公司＂深水地平线＂钻井平台井喷爆炸着火事故,造成人员伤亡和引发墨西哥湾污染事件,被美国定为国家级灾难,损失之大、污染之重、影响范围之广,已经引起了全球的高度反思。如何从BP公司这样的跨国公司处置漏油事件过程中学习应急管理,从社会责任的展示学到危机应对,应当成为当今社会安全文化建设的重点问题。本文通过这一典型案例分析,结合历史发展的必然和应急工作的现实,提出了对＂应急与危机＂新的认识,以求得我们对安全文化建设新的思考。     

Cost-benefit analysis of water-reuse projects for environmental purposes: a case study for Spanish wastewater treatment plants

Water reuse is an emerging and promising non-conventional water resource. Feasibility studies are essential tools in the decision making process for the implementation of water-reuse projects. However, the methods used to assess economic feasibility tend to focus on internal costs, while external impacts are relegated to unsubstantiated statements about the advantages of water reuse. Using the concept of shadow prices for undesirable outputs of water reclamation, the current study developed a theoretical methodology to assess internal and external economic impacts. The proposed methodological approach is applied to 13 wastewater treatment plants in the Valencia region of Spain that reuse effluent for environmental purposes. Internal benefit analyses indicated that only a proportion of projects were economically viable, while when external benefits are incorporated all projects were economically viable. In conclusion, the economic feasibility assessments of water-reuse projects should quantitatively evaluate economic, environmental and resource availability.     

基于CVM的南昌城市河湖生态服务功能价值评估

条件价值评估法(CVM)是当前可用于确定环境物品非市场的和非使用价值的有效方法.在分析南昌市城市河湖生态环境问题的基础上,采用条件价值评估法,共回收194份单边界二分式CVM有效问卷,研究了南昌城市河湖生态系统服务改善的支付意愿及其经济价值.研究表明:1)南昌市城区河湖生态系统服务改善的平均支付意愿约为105.83元/...     

一株烟草内生拮抗放线菌发酵条件优化

为提高烟草内生放线菌Y12发酵时产生抑菌物质的产量,通过摇瓶正交优化试验,确定了Y12的三角瓶发酵条件.发酵培养基组成为:黄豆粉1.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,葡萄糖1.5%,可溶性淀粉1.5%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,(NH4)SO40.25%,NaCl 0.4%,KH2PO4 0.1%,CaCO3 0.5%;培养基初始pH 7.5,培养温度30℃,发酵时间72 h.经过优化发酵液的抑菌圈直径增加了44.9%.     

我国北方城市暴雨灾害演化过程及风险分析

提出一种基于灾害演化网络的风险分析方法,针对城市暴雨灾害的演化过程进行了风险分析。利用复杂网络理论构建北方城市暴雨灾害演化网络模型,将危机事件分为三个等级,并探讨了事件级别和出入度的关系;分析城市暴雨灾害链演化特点和暴雨危机事件后果蔓延规律,得到关键危机事件和演化链。结果表明,交通堵塞是我国北方城市暴雨灾害系统中关键危机事件;暴雨灾害演化系统存在短链、长直链和循环链三种结构,其中循环链中的危机事件互为因果,可自行激化,是灾害演化网络控制的关键结构。