Wilderness and the Media Politics of Place Branding

It is 30 years since the Australian environmental movement enlisted the term “wilderness” to protect Tasmania's remote Franklin River from hydroelectric development. Environmentalists deployed “wilderness” strategically during the conflict to build public support for their no-dam campaign, aided by national and international media who used the term liberally, while Tasmanian news media and pro-development elites acknowledged the term's inherent political qualities by suppressing its use. Our interest is in the political and media framing of “wilderness” since the concept was “branded” by government and industry at the turn of the twenty-first century. Drawing on continuing environmental conflict over Tasmania's remote Tarkine region as a case study, we ask to what extent media portrayals of “wilderness” have changed since the Franklin dam was stopped and the Tasmanian World Heritage Wilderness Area was created in 1982. Using content analysis of related articles in the local media and qualitative analysis of international travel journalism about Tasmania published over an extended period, we find that place branding has contributed to the routinization of “wilderness” and to a shift in the focus of mediated conflict from “wilderness” to “tourism.” The Tasmanian experience demonstrates that while the actions of the environmental movement can valorize place, branding can depoliticize contested natural areas. Yet brands that incorporate or allude to “wilderness” may have the unanticipated consequence of valorizing “wilderness” transnationally, in a manner that the environmental movement would struggle to emulate.     

同质环境下不同锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构差异及其影响因素

采用高通量测序技术分析同质环境下小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿根际土壤细菌多样性及群落结构,以期探讨驱动锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构构建的关键因子.结果表明,土壤样品中共检测到细菌42门55纲123目244科558属,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(相对丰度>1%),优势属为苯基杆菌属(Phenylobacterium)、剑菌属(Ensifer)和鞘氨醇菌属(Chitinophaga).双因素方差分析表明,物种间差异显著影响土壤细菌香农指数和辛普森指数(P<0.05),种源和物种交互作用对土壤细菌的物种数、 Chao1指数、香农指数和辛普森指数均影响显著(P<0.05).主坐标分析表明,3种锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构差异显著(P<0.05),且聚类分析显示来自不同种源地的中间锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿根际土壤细菌群落结构组成不同.通过冗余分析发现...     

北京市园林植物吸附PM_(10)与SO_2总量及其健康效益

PM10和SO2是目前城市主要的大气污染物,严重危害居民健康。城市园林植物通过叶片和枝干表面能有效吸附大气污染物。采用大气污染物干沉降通量模型和暴露-反应关系模型定量评估了2003年北京市园林植物吸附PM10与SO2总量及其健康效益。北京市园林植物2003年吸附PM1030,415,563～38,019,454kg和SO23,057,173～3,821,466kg,导致减少死亡312～390人,呼吸系统入院286～357.5人,折合经济价值约为280,265,180～350,331,475元,约占国民生产总值的0.7‰～1.0‰。     

徐州市建设生态园林城市的概况及几点建议

创建生态园林城市越来越成为一个很响亮的提法，成为一种趋势。然而，在这个过程中势必要出现各种问题。如何处理这些问题呢?对于徐州市来讲，创建生态园林城市有其自身的优势，当然也会遇到不少问题，本文在简单介绍了徐州建设生态园林城市的概况之后，对创建过程中出现的某些问题提出了几点建议，重点就环境治理方面的问题阐述自己的看法。     

四川遂宁现代生态田园城市建设的研究

生态田园城市是现代城市的发展目标,已成为我国城市建设的热点.现代生态田园城市建设的关键在于建立城市生态基础设施系统,为城市可持续发展和营造宜居环境提供生态系统服务.遂宁现代生态田园城市规划将生态基础设施规划、产业发展规划、社会公共服务设施规划"三规合一",营造一个生态安全健康、生产低碳高效、生活安康富裕,社会公平和谐的美丽新城市.     

When information becomes action: drivers of individuals' trust in broadcast versus peer‐to‐peer information in disaster response

Information and communications technology (ICT), primarily mobile telephones and social media, is increasingly important in crisis and disaster response in developing countries. This fact raises an important question: in an information environment that includes traditional media such as radio and television, who are the people that trust information from ICT enough to act on it during a disaster? Drawing on a case study of and original survey data from the island nation of the Independent State of Samoa, this paper yields insights into who uses new technologies, particularly mobile telephones, to make decisions at the local level during crises such as natural disasters, as well as the socio‐political factors that motivate their behaviour. The results add to the growing pool of knowledge on utilisation of ICT and new technologies in developing countries for disaster response, and provide practical information on the social and political factors that lead people to trust different information sources and media.     

秸秆及配施生物炭对福州茉莉园土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量及其生态化学计量学特征影响

为阐明施加秸秆及配施生物炭对茉莉花园土壤碳（TC）、氮（TN）、磷（TP）和铁（Fe）含量及其生态化学计量学特征的影响,并探讨土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的响应,以福州茉莉园土壤为研究对象,设置对照、秸秆、秸秆配施生物炭3种处理样地,对施加处理下福州茉莉花园0~10 cm表层土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量和生态化学计量学特征进行测定和分析.结果表明：不同施加处理下,茉莉园土壤TC、TN含量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理>秸秆处理>对照处理（p<0.05）,TP含量均值表现为秸秆处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理>对照处理（p<0.05）,土壤Fe含量均值表现为秸秆处理大于对照和秸秆配施生物炭处理,显著增加了茉莉花园表层土壤铁含量（p<0.05）.其次,秸秆配施生物炭处理较对照和秸秆处理提高了土壤C/N、C/P、C/Fe、N/P、N/Fe、P/Fe （p<0.05）;茉莉花园0~10 cm土壤碳储量、氮储量、磷储量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理显著高于对照处理（p<0.05）,提高比例分别为46.5%、20.2%、10.2%,土壤铁储量表现为秸秆处理>对照处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理.此外,秸秆施加处理提高了土壤活性有机碳（C_N）,增加了土壤碳库活度指数（CPAI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）;秸秆配施生物炭处理同样大幅度提升了土壤总有机碳含量,并显著提高了土壤碳库指数（CPI）,但这部分主要是活性较低的稳态碳（C_NA）,因此,秸秆配施生物炭降低了土壤碳库活度（CPA）、土壤碳库活度指数（CPAI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）.总体来看,从土壤固碳角度考虑,秸秆配施生物炭是更合理的利用措施.     

城市园林公墓中林木的水土保持效益

城市园林公墓的生态建设是我国生态环境整治的重要环节,其核心是造林绿化和水土保持。松柏类乔木是目前我国公墓绿化主要树种,但对它们控制水土流失的生态功能却不十分清楚。本文探讨了园林公幕绿化树木绿蚀控制机制和潜能。研究发现,林木具有缓冲高强 度降雨对土壤的滴溅侵蚀和减少有效降雨的能力,使林下土壤溅蚀量减少了约２０％,土壤流失量降低了４３．２０％,同时,树通过其根系的牵引效应根据际土层的抗滑动能力提高了３     

Aligning Climate Policy with National Interest: Disengagements with Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in South Africa

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) were proposed as a policy framework that could provide middle ground for meeting both the development and mitigation objectives in developing countries. While South Africa engaged actively with the NAMA terminology in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations, its engagement at the domestic level has been rather lacklustre. This presents an interesting paradox. The paper studies the interplay of international norms embodied in NAMAs with South Africa's domestic policy process. Disengagement and contestation around NAMAs in South Africa is played out at three stages: decision-making stage where the symptoms surrounding this contestation first emerge; policy formulation stage where NAMAs have to not only align with the National Development Plan but also compete with a predilection for domestically familiar terminology of flagships under the national climate policy; and finally the broader agenda-setting stage of policy process, where NAMAs have to prove useful in not only pursuing the developmental state agenda but also in tackling the underlying material factors that represent country's economic dependency on fossil fuels. NAMAs faced combined resistance from ideas and interests in various degrees at all these stages resulting in their disengagement.