管道沉砂用作雨水花园土壤改良材料的可行性

以建筑黄砂为对照,采用排水管道清通作业产生的管道沉砂作为提高土壤渗透性能的改良材料,通过模拟土柱实验考察了雨水花园对路面径流污染的控制效果.实验结果表明,在装置初始运行阶段,模拟柱中污染物的淋出浓度迅速降低,污染地下水的风险很低;当污染物淋失达到稳定时,掺加同比例管道沉砂与建筑黄砂的模拟柱在提高土壤渗透速率方面效果相近,而对COD、TP、TSS、NH4+-N、NO3--N、重金属等污染物的去除两者效果则相差不大.结果表明,以管道沉砂作为土壤改良材料,在降低南方粘性土壤地区雨水花园的建造成本、实现废弃物的再利用方面具有良好前景.     

Aligning Climate Policy with National Interest: Disengagements with Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in South Africa

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) were proposed as a policy framework that could provide middle ground for meeting both the development and mitigation objectives in developing countries. While South Africa engaged actively with the NAMA terminology in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations, its engagement at the domestic level has been rather lacklustre. This presents an interesting paradox. The paper studies the interplay of international norms embodied in NAMAs with South Africa's domestic policy process. Disengagement and contestation around NAMAs in South Africa is played out at three stages: decision-making stage where the symptoms surrounding this contestation first emerge; policy formulation stage where NAMAs have to not only align with the National Development Plan but also compete with a predilection for domestically familiar terminology of flagships under the national climate policy; and finally the broader agenda-setting stage of policy process, where NAMAs have to prove useful in not only pursuing the developmental state agenda but also in tackling the underlying material factors that represent country's economic dependency on fossil fuels. NAMAs faced combined resistance from ideas and interests in various degrees at all these stages resulting in their disengagement.     

论我国城市生态园林公墓建设及其发展

随着工业占地的加剧和城市死亡人数的增长,城市公墓建设的不合理问题已非常尖锐,使得城市可用土地面积和人均绿地减少。因此,在我国实施城市生态园林公墓建设已迫在眉睫。本文就此指出了一些当前我国生态园林公墓建设中存在的问题,并提出了几点措施和建议。     

The Need to Disentangle Key Concepts from Ecosystem‐Approach Jargon

The ecosystem approach—as endorsed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) in 2000—is a strategy for holistic, sustainable, and equitable natural resource management, to be implemented via the 12 Malawi Principles. These principles describe the need to manage nature in terms of dynamic ecosystems, while fully engaging with local peoples. It is an ambitious concept. Today, the term is common throughout the research and policy literature on environmental management. However, multiple meanings have been attached to the term, resulting in confusion. We reviewed references to the ecosystem approach from 1957 to 2012 and identified 3 primary uses: as an alternative to ecosystem management or ecosystem‐based management; in reference to an integrated and equitable approach to resource management as per the CBD; and as a term signifying a focus on understanding and valuing ecosystem services. Although uses of this term and its variants may overlap in meaning, typically, they do not entirely reflect the ethos of the ecosystem approach as defined by the CBD. For example, there is presently an increasing emphasis on ecosystem services, but focusing on these alone does not promote decentralization of management or use of all forms of knowledge, both of which are integral to the CBD's concept. We highlight that the Malawi Principles are at risk of being forgotten. To better understand these principles, more effort to implement them is required. Such efforts should be evaluated, ideally with comparative approaches, before allowing the CBD's concept of holistic and socially engaged management to be abandoned or superseded. It is possible that attempts to implement all 12 principles together will face many challenges, but they may also offer a unique way to promote holistic and equitable governance of natural resources. Therefore, we believe that the CBD's concept of the ecosystem approach demands more attention. La Necesidad de Desenredar Conceptos Clave del Argot Ambiente‐Estrategia     

木兰科植物在园林中的开发与利用

木兰科（Magnoliaceae)植物是原始的被子植物，具有很高的观赏价值。本文从对其种群保护，在园林绿化中的优势以及栽培管理等方面入手，探讨了木兰科植物在园林中的开发与利用的意义及前景。得出木兰科植物完全能符合园林绿化及景观建设的需要。应该大力进行开发与利用。     

长白山西坡-火山地质科考、旅游胜地

长白山火山是一座中国最大的第四纪层状复式火山,是1000年前世界上最大的火山喷发之一.至今保留着完好的火山地貌景观,是研究火山活动机制、岩浆演化及火山灾害等方面的重要基地,也是旅游胜地.     

茶园土壤和茶叶中重金属的监测与污染评价

测定了西南地区主要茶园土壤和茶叶中的重金属Pb,Cr,Cu,Cd,Hg和As含量,结合茶园土壤和茶叶的卫生质量标准,采用单因子污染指数法和Nemerow污染指数法进行污染评价。结果表明:西南地区茶叶和茶园土壤中6种重金属的含量都在相应的质量标准范围内,单因子污染指数和Nemerow污染指数均<1.0。但乐山和川茶群体土壤中的Cd综合污染指数达到0.69,接近安全等级的上限0.70。总体看来茶叶和茶园土壤未受这6种重金属元素的污染,茶叶和茶园土壤环境质量总体良好。缙云山茶和银芽中Cd和Hg是高富集元素,川茶群体中Hg是高富集元素。     

生态茶园建设与病虫害综合防治

综述了在茶树病虫害综合防治中生态学原理和农田生态系统科学理论的运用。强调以生态防治，即农业防治和生物防治为主，借助于各种农业技术和现代生物科学手段，在综合防治中尽量少用化学农药，以减少对环境的污染、农药残留及对天敌的伤害，维持茶园生态平衡。     

Community energy initiatives to alleviate fuel poverty: the material politics of Energy Cafés

Community action has an increasingly prominent role in the debates surrounding transitions to sustainability. Initiatives such as community energy projects, community gardens, local food networks and car sharing clubs provide new spaces for sustainable consumption, and combinations of technological and social innovations. These initiatives, which are often driven by social good rather than by pure monetary motives, have been conceptualised as grassroots innovations. Previous research in grassroots innovations has largely focused on conceptualising such initiatives and analysing their potential for replication and diffusion; there has been less research in the politics involved in these initiatives. We examine grassroots innovations as forms of political engagement that is different from the 1970s’ alternative technology movements. Through an analysis of community-run Energy Cafés in the United Kingdom, we argue that while present-day grassroots innovations appear less explicitly political than their predecessors, they can still represent a form of political participation. Through the analytical lens of material politics, we investigate how Energy Cafés engage in diverse – explicit and implicit, more or less conscious – forms of political engagement. In particular, their work to “demystify” clients’ energy bills can unravel into various forms of advocacy and engagement with energy technologies and practices in the home. Some Energy Café practices also make space for a needs-driven approach that acknowledges the embeddedness of energy in the household and wider society.     

Guided group discussion and the reported use of toxic products: The persuasiveness of hearing others’ views

Guided group discussion ( [Lewin et?al., 1952] , [Werner, 2003] and [Werner and Adams, 2001] ) was used to persuade groups to replace their toxic home and garden chemicals with nontoxic alternatives. We hypothesized that discussion would allow participants to hear others endorse the new information, and this normative information would facilitate persuasion. Approximately two months after the group discussion, we obtained questionnaires from the organizer of the meeting and a member of the group who had missed the meeting because of another obligation (i.e., not because of disinterest in the topic). Most organizers were female and analyses were limited to females. This quasi-experimental matched control group design indicated that those who attended the meeting were more favorable towards using nontoxics and more interested in sharing leftover toxic products with friends (instead of discarding them). Path and mediation analyses showed that the organizer’s evaluation of the meeting predicted her final attitude, and perceptions that the group endorsed the material (perceived group norm) partially mediated this relationship. A second mediation analysis showed that evaluation of the meeting predicted intention to share leftover toxics and this relationship was fully mediated by the organizer’s impression that the group would also share leftovers. The results support the idea that persuasion is based both on individual evaluation and normative influence, especially when people are not confident others will accept the behavior, such as sharing leftover toxic products.