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41.
Kostanjsek R Lapanje A Drobne D Perović S Perović A Zidar P Strus J Hollert H Karaman G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):361-368
- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The
unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification
of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing
waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in
the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However,
community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial
community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique.
Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and
autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature
gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes.
Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial
communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations
can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure
of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in
the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical
analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution
on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica.
Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic
environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses
of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the
state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data.
Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on
bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence
approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies
in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other
community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive,
reliable and less time consuming. 相似文献
42.
树脂膜作为DGT技术的核心部分,是影响 DGT测定的关键因素。为确保树脂吸附和洗脱实验的准确性,筛选出醋酸-盐酸混合溶液作为甲基汞溶液的保存试剂。以标液中甲基汞的吸附率为指标,比较了4种吸附树脂的基本特征及在室内标液浓度为1μg/L的条件下对甲基汞的吸附效果,筛选出吸附效果最佳的树脂TCH-95,并对TCH-95树脂胶的不同洗脱试剂进行了研究。结果表明:24h TCH-95对甲基汞的吸附率高达98.9%。且在洗脱实验中,对硫脲-盐酸混合溶液添加冰醋酸有助于提高树脂胶中甲基汞的洗脱率,其2%硫脲-0.2mol/L HCl-4%HAc混合溶液的甲基汞洗脱率为84.5%,是目前TCH-95树脂的最佳洗脱剂。 相似文献
43.
铅锌尾矿砂污染下的岩溶土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾砂污染的水稻田、玉米地、柑橘园以及对照(旱地)土壤为研究对象,采用碳素利用法和18S rRNA变性梯度凝胶电泳技术探究岩溶区重金属污染下土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征以及土壤真菌与土壤有机碳的交互关系.结果表明,广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾砂污染区土壤重金属总体含量(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd)依次为:水稻田玉米地柑橘园对照;同时地累积综合指数显示该区重金属污染以Pb、Cd为主,其中Cd带来的环境风险最高.受Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd等重金属复合污染物影响,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物熵和碳源代谢速率表现出随总体重金属质量分数增加而降低的变化规律,但土壤总有机碳质量分数却表现为:水稻田对照柑橘园或玉米地.DGGE结果进一步显示对照组土壤存在担子菌门多孔菌目Pycnoporus sp.ZW02.30,柑橘园和玉米地土壤存在镰刀菌属Fusarium solani和Fusarium oxysporum以及柑橘园土壤存在青霉属Penicillium decumbens.然而,上述参与淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等糖类降解过程的真菌没有在水稻田土壤检出.加之,水稻田土壤微生物功能多样性指数和微生物熵最低而土壤有机碳质量分数最高,说明铅锌尾矿砂通过影响不同样地土壤微生物糖类代谢过程,进而调节土壤碳在微生物特别是真菌作用下的矿化速率. 相似文献
44.
45.
46.
A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2... 相似文献
47.
针对广安市大安镇盐矿钻井泥浆,为了达到无害化处理目的,设计了预处理→破胶→固化→无害化处理施工→无害化退场的处理工艺。结果表明:(1)聚合氯化铝铁(PFAC)为最佳破胶剂,其破胶效果优于氯化铁(FeCl_3)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和硫酸铝(Al_2(SO_4)_3);(2)破胶处理后的出水COD浓度为6.48mg/L,COD降解率为99.41%;(3)通过无害化施工和安全退出,使得盐矿钻井废弃泥浆固化安全达到了无害化要求。不仅有效地解决了大安镇盐矿钻井废弃泥浆污染问题,而且有效改善了当地环境质量。 相似文献
48.
49.
土壤中有机氯农药的多残留分析技术 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
本文建立了超声波提取 ,硅胶SPE柱净化 ,GC μECD检测土壤中α HCH ,β HCH ,γ HCH ,δ HCH ,HCB ,o p′ DDE ,aES,p p′ DDE ,Diel,Endrin ,p p′ DDD ,o p′ DDT ,p p′ DDT含量的方法 .对提取剂、洗脱剂和前处理步骤优化的结果表明 :体积比为 1∶2的丙酮 /石油醚是较好的提取剂和洗脱剂 ,方法加标回收率在 70 %— 1 1 0 %之间 ,检测限为0 0 5— 1ng·g- 1 . 相似文献
50.