贵州省水资源承载力的空间地域差异

水资源承载力是一个国家或地区可持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分,对一个国家或地区综合的发展和发展规模有至关重要的影响。由于水资源承载力是涉及到人口、社会经济发展以及资源环境在内的复杂巨系统,通过利用综合多种因素的状态空间法,从综合、宏观的角度来描述研究区域现实的承载状况,并对其进行定量化表示和分析。以贵州省为例,根据其具体情况,选取了9个指标构成评价指标体系,并对各指标运用反映客观赋权的熵值法进行权重的确定,然后通过状态空间法求算出贵州省现实的水资源承载状态值及其理想状态值。计算结果表明,贵州省目前的水资源承载状况总体上处于超载状态,但不同的地区又有所差异,表现出一定的空间地域性。根据贵州省水资源承载的现状值与理想值的比较,把整个贵州省水资源承载力划分为3种类型区：严重超载区、满载区及可载区。计算结果符合贵州省水资源实际情况,对贵州省水资源的可持续利用具有一定的现实指导意义。     

湖南经济发展水平的区域差异与区域协调

湖南省是一个人口众多,经济尚不发达的内陆省份,选择１４项指标,使用因分子分析法对湖南各县（市）的经济发展水平进行了综合评介。评价结果表明：湖南各县市的经济发展水平存在明显差异,１０５个评价单元（县,市）可划分为五个层次：发达地区,中等发达地区,初等发达地区,较落后地区和落后地区。为实现湖南经济的快速增长与区域协调发展,应采取以下对策;（１）实行“适度非均衡－均衡”发展战略;（２）以“点－轴系统”开     

推进形成省级主体功能区的环境政策及保障机制初探

主体功能区实施分类管理的区域政策,环境政策是其中重要一项。针对省级主体功能区划的工作需要,将现有环境政策进行分类完善,结合四类主体功能区环境条件与发展要求提出了区域差异化的环境政策目标,并对重点政策的实施领域、施政力度进行了详细的描述。此外,为保障基于主体功能区的环境政策落到实处,从法律、资金、监督与管理和信息公开四方面探讨了环境政策保障机制建立的途径和方法。为省级主体功能区划工作稳步推进和后续其他配套政策的研究思路提供一定的参考和启发。     

地表水高锰酸盐指数自动监测仪差异性研究

针对地表水高锰酸盐指数自动监测仪质量控制合格率偏低及样品和试剂消耗量大的问题,分别选择3种国产及3种进口的不同型号监测仪,通过工艺比较、性能测试、低浓度及较高浓度实际水体环境下的质量控制测试及长时间连续在线监测4个方面进行差异性研究。结果表明:不同仪器采用不同工艺,影响标准物质核查结果及运行维护成本和便捷性;不同仪器性能测试结果基本符合要求;不同仪器质量控制合格率差异显著,标准物质核查合格率(低浓度的为32%~57%,高浓度的为44%~80%)低于实际水体比对(低浓度实际水体为66%~79%,较高浓度实际水体为71%~100%),国产仪器质量控制合格率与进口仪器整体相当;不同仪器连续在线监测数据有效率及相对偏差±20%内的数据量占比差异显著,而国产仪器与进口仪器在这2个方面整体差异较小。     

Sexualize one,objectify all? The sexualization spillover effect on female job candidates

We examined whether sexualizing a businesswoman impacts attitudes toward subsequently evaluated, nonsexualized females applying for a corporate managerial position. Research shows that sexualized women are perceived as less warm and competent (i.e., objectified). Integrating this work with research on social cognition, we hypothesized that the negative effect of sexualization “spills over” onto other nonsexualized women, reducing their hireability. Across two experiments, initially sexualized women were perceived as less warm and competent, as were subsequently evaluated nonsexualized female job candidates. In turn, these negative perceptions reduced the applicants' probability of being hired. Sexualization of women also increased intentions to hire a subsequently evaluated male candidate. The results were robust when we controlled for evaluators' gender and age. Our findings demonstrate that female job applicants can experience detrimental effects from sexually based objectification, even when they are not the individuals initially sexualized. We discuss implications for women's careers.     

鄱阳湖流域天然径流变化特征与水旱灾害

为探讨鄱阳湖流域河川径流的变化过程和规律,深入了解径流特征及其与鄱阳湖水旱灾害的关系,利用时间序列分析方法,对鄱阳湖流域五河水系干流河段主要控制水文测站的天然径流系列进行了研究。研究显示,鄱阳湖五河径流年内分配集中程度在0.43到0.56之间,集中期为每年的5月底6月初,比鄱阳湖汛期提前1-2个月。径流多年变化变差系数变化在0.28～0.33之间,径流年际变率较大,在年代际变化上20世纪90年代径流增加尤其突出;径流序列呈长期的增加趋势,1998年后增加趋势变缓;鄱阳湖流域五河水系出现特大枯水年和丰水年的概率较大,出现平水年的概率略小。以上结果表明,五河汛期来水是影响鄱阳湖洪水的重要因素,而其形成、发展过程还受到长江中上游洪水的控制;径流的长期变化中,气候因素是引起鄱阳湖流域径流变化主导因素,水土流失和水利工程的建设等人为因素起着一定的辅助作用;径流序列枯、丰循环周期的交替变化过程,与过去几十年间流域内出现的干旱、洪水现象具有较好的一致性。     

Gender and international crisis response: do we have the data,and does it matter?

For more than a decade the humanitarian community has been mandated to mainstream gender in its response to crises. One element of this mandate is a repeated call for sex-disaggregated data to help guide the response. This study examines available analyses, assessments and academic literature to gain insights into whether sex-disaggregated data are generated, accessible and utilised, and appraised what can be learned from existing data. It finds that there is a gap between policy and practice. Evaluations of humanitarian responses rarely refer to data by sex, and there seems to be little accountability to do so. Yet existing data yield important information, pointing at practical, locally-specific measures to reduce the vulnerability of both males and females. This complements population-level studies noting the tendency for higher female mortality. The study discusses some possible obstacles for the generation of data and hopes to spur debate on how to overcome them.     

Effects of hydrodynamics processes on phosphorus fluxes from sediment in large, shallow Taihu Lake

The turnover of phosphorus （P） in lake sediments, a major cause of eutrophication and subsequent deterioration of water quality, is in need of deep understanding. In this study, effects of resuspension on P release were studied in cylindrical microcosms with Yshape apparatus. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between flux of suspended substance across sediment-water interface （Fss） and the wind speed, and an increasing Fss during each wind process followed by a steady state. The maximal Fss under fight, moderate, and strong wind conditions were 299.9±41.1,573.4±61.7, and 2093.8±215.7 g/m^2, respectively. However, flux of P across sediment-water interface （Fp） did not follow a similar pattern as Fss responding to wind intensity, which increased and reached the maximum in initial 120 rain for fight wind, then decreased gradually, with maximal flux of 9.4±1.9 mg/m^2. A rapid increase of Fp at the first 30 rain was observed under moderate wind, with maximal flux of 11.2±0.6 mg/m^2. Surprisingly, strong wind caused less Fp than under light and moderate wind conditions with maximal flux of 3.5±0.9 mg/m^2. Fss in water column declined obviously during the sedimentation process after winds, but Fp varied with wind regime. No obvious difference was detected on Fp after 8 h sedimentation process, compared with the initial value, which means little redundant P left in the water column after winds.     

基于相位差的多系统通信基站的电磁辐射监测

在安徽宣城通信基站中选取103个基站并设置924个监测点位,用电磁辐射分析仪监测,利用相位差确定所属区域后对基站电磁辐射强度作理论预测,与现场监测值对比分析。结果表明,现场监测电场强度值为0. 20 V/m～1. 86 V/m,均值为0. 45 V/m;功率密度为0. 011μW/m~2～0. 918μW/m~2,均值为0. 063μW/m~2,远小于标准限值。说明该区电磁环境状况整体较好,基站周围电磁辐射随着距离的增大而不断减小,功率密度实测值变化趋势与理论预测值基本一致。     

Flooding and the ‘new normal’: what is the role of gender in experiences of post-disaster ontological security?

Disaster researchers have long analysed disruption to affected residents' ontological security, often represented by routines and familiar landmarks. Surprisingly little of this work, though, assesses who is most likely to experience feelings of disruption. Using a representative set of survey data, complemented by follow-up interview data from 40 residents affected by the Southern Alberta Flood of June 2013, this paper explores how demographic characteristics, such as gender and place attachment, impact on residents' sense of disruption and loss. The findings indicate that women and people with stronger emotional and social ties to their neighbourhoods are most likely to experience disrupted ontological security; home flooding and evacuation orders are also significant predictors. The qualitative interview data reveal that many participants felt unsettled and disrupted by myriad factors, such as ongoing construction, which prevented them from establishing a ‘new normal’. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policymakers and service providers.