Efficacy of Land-Cover Models in Predicting Isolation of Marbled Salamander Populations in a Fragmented Landscape

Abstract:  Amphibians worldwide are facing rapid declines due to habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, and other causes. Where habitat alteration is implicated, there is a need for spatially explicit conservation plans. Models built with geographic information systems (GIS) are frequently used to inform such planning. We explored the potential for using GIS models of functional landscape connectivity as a reliable proxy for genetically derived measures of population isolation. We used genetic assignment tests to characterize isolation of marbled salamander populations and evaluated whether the relative amount of modified habitat around breeding ponds was a reliable indicator of population isolation. Using a resampling analysis, we determined whether certain land-cover variables consistently described population isolation. We randomly drew half the data for model building and tested the performance of the best models on the other half 100 times. Deciduous forest was consistently associated with lower levels of population isolation, whereas salamander populations in regions of agriculture and anthropogenic development were more isolated. Models that included these variables and pond size explained 65–70% of variation in genetically inferred isolation across sites. The resampling analysis confirmed that these habitat variables were consistently good predictors of isolation. Used judiciously, simple GIS models with key land-cover variables can be used to estimate population isolation if field sampling and genetic analysis are not possible.     

基于PSO优化逻辑斯蒂曲线的水资源安全评价模型

论文引入“压力-状态-响应”框架模型构建区域水资源安全定量评价的指标体系,采用逻辑斯蒂（Logistic）曲线模拟区域水资源安全评价,公式中的参数采用粒子群算法（PSO）进行优化,并用灵敏度分析的方法对公式进行了可靠性分析。优化好的Logistic指数公式用于安徽省16个地级市水资源安全评价,计算得到各地级市评价指数和相应的评价等级,并对压力层、状态层、响应层子系统进行分析。评价结果表明,基于粒子群算法优化的Logistic指数公式用于区域水资源安全评价,具有合理性和可行性,能为区域水资源规划与管理决策提供科学依据。     

基于含水层DNAPL污染修复替代模型的多目标优化研究

基于Kriging方法建立表面活性剂强化修复DNAPL污染含水层的替代模型,与混合多目标算法NSGAII-HCS（Nondominated sortinggenetic algorithm II-Hill climber with step）耦合,实现修复成本最小化和治理效率最大化的多目标优化.以三维非均质承压含水层中PCE污染物的运移与修复过程为例,采用UTCHEM程序模拟表面活性剂强化修复含水层过程.将Kriging替代模型与多相流模型的输出结果进行对比,两种模型得到的含水层中PCE去除效率的平均相对拟合误差为0.80%,相关系数为0.9992,表明Kriging模型可以有效替代多相流模型.进一步将替代模型的Pareto最优解与相应的多相流模型的模拟值进行比较,得到两种模型的平均相对拟合误差仅为0.70%,相关系数达0.9998,表明在多目标优化的迭代求解过程中可以直接调用Kriging替代模型,而无须重复调用多相流模型的大负荷运算,从而为制定表面活性剂强化含水层修复决策提供一种稳定可靠的多目标优化方法.     

基于802.11n无线传感器网络的巷道人员定位技术研究

针对现阶段矿井人员定位系统定位精度低、成本高、可靠性差等问题,提出了一种基于802.11n无线传感器网络技术的真三维人员定位系统,该系统根据功能特征划分为现场设备管理层、系统运行监控层和地面监控管理层。工作时,定位分站将移动节点通过无线网络传输过来的位置坐标信息通过RS-485总线传输到光纤冗余网中,紧接着将位置坐标信息通过CAN现场总线传输到地面数据服务器内进行解压、分析处理和可视化显示。实验结果表明:当加权因子k取1.1时,该系统在井下巷道测试环境中的平均误差仅为1.15 m,且长期运行无故障,具有较高的定位精度和可靠性,降低了成本。     

铀矿山穿孔爆破系统免疫遗传优化控制

根据地下铀矿山穿孔爆破系统特点及放射性污染物的特性,应用自适应模糊推理技术构建爆破矿石块度模型,应用放射性污染物迁移机制构建氡浓度析出模型,再将其模型参数换算成与穿爆参数关联的氡浓度模型,然后构建铀矿山氡浓度控制下穿孔爆破系统的集成模型,最后运用免疫遗传优化算法对其进行优化求解。实例分析表示该方法可在满足氡浓度的要求下实现块度最优化问题,为铀矿山安全生产提供了重要决策依据。     

Genetic analysis of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa populations from stressed sites contaminated with metals in Northern Ontario (Canada)

The Sudbury region in Canada is known for the mining and smelting of high-sulphide ores containing nickel, copper, iron and precious metals. Although reports provide information of metal levels in soil and plants, knowledge of genetic effects on plants growing in contaminated areas is limited. The main objective of this study was to characterise the level of genetic diversity in Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa populations from the Sudbury (Ontario) region using microsatellite markers. Soil samples were analysed for concentrations of metals. High levels of metal contents in soil were observed within short distances of the smelter compared with control sites. The level of genetic diversity was very low for P. resinosa populations and moderate for P. banksiana samples. Observed heterozygosity was fivefold higher in P. banksiana populations than P. resinosa populations studied. Overall, 17 and 24% of the total genetic diversity were attributed to differences among populations for P. banksiana and P. resinosa, respectively. In general, the inbreeding was significantly higher in P. resinosa populations than P. banksiana populations and gene flows were relatively low in both species. No significant trend of the levels of genetic diversity for metal contaminated and uncontaminated sites was found.     

基于改进型AES算法汽车门禁系统的研究

汽车门禁系统已成为汽车智能与安全领域的重要一部分.车主手持智能钥匙靠近汽车,通过车载基站与钥匙的双频通信,实现车门的开与关,还可实现发动机的一键启动.同时,对信号加密采用了改进的AES算法,加入了循环扩展密钥,加大了密码的破解难度.并对整个系统进行了建模仿真,分析了信号传输的误码率.图6,表1,参5.     

流域水资源保护补偿博弈分析及蚁群算法解

协调好流域上下游间的收益问题,使上下游和谐发展,实现全流域收益最优,是目前我国流域水资源保护补偿研究和实践中的重点。论文从博弈论的角度研究流域水资源保护补偿中上下游间的行为和收益问题,建立了行政调节的流域水资源保护补偿博弈模型,利用蚁群算法实现模型最优求解。将该模型应用于晋江流域,结果表明：当上游的安溪县、德化县、永春县以及南安市（上游部分）提供给下游的水量分别为0.87×10⁸、0.75×10⁸、0.85×10⁸和0.76×10⁸ m³时,分别可获得0.925×10⁸、0.673×10⁸、0.949×10⁸和1.019×10⁸元的经济补偿,同时下游地区获得48.765×10⁸元的效益,此时流域总收益最大。上游地区合理供水可大幅提升全流域的收益,下游给上游合理补偿能够协调上下游关系,促进上下游的和谐发展。     

位移反分析的PSA-ANFIS方法研究

地下工程中,通常采用位移反分析方法来确定围岩的力学参数,而现有的位移反分析方法均存在诸多不足之处,为此,采用模式搜索算法、自适应神经模糊推理系统以及正交试验设计方法,建立了位移反分析的PSA-ANFIS方法;同时还对一标准弹塑性问题进行了解析计算,得到了相应的训练数据对、检测数据对和预测数据对;最后采用此方法对该弹塑性问题的力学参数进行了反演。反演结果表明,所建立的位移反分析的PSA-ANFIS方法除了能够充分发挥ANFIS的各种优点外,还能有效地减少模型建立和参数调节过程中的人为干预,因此是一种优异的位移反分析方法。     

基于遗传算法和GIS的县域水田种植制度空间布局优化

采用种植模式对县级尺度的作物进行空间配置,能够较好地解决作物空间布局中熟制比例不当、茬口不适宜等问题。种植制度空间布局优化的目的在于通过合理配置种植模式的空间位置,以充分利用并保护当地的自然资源和社会资源。其本质是一种具有自然、社会、耕作制度等多方面影响因素及空间特征的组合优化问题。传统的优化算法解决具有空间特征的组合优化问题效率很低,或者难以解决该类问题。遗传算法是一种新的智能优化算法,通过模拟自然进化过程,利用简单的编码技术和遗传操作高效地解决复杂的组合优化问题。提出了一种以GIS为平台,遗传算法为优化模型的县域种植制度空间布局优化方法。