黄河三角洲风暴潮灾害及其对滨海湿地的影响

黄河三角洲是中国重要的滨海湿地分布区，也是中国风暴潮易发区。该区的风暴潮有温带气旋型与热带台风型两种，以温带风暴潮为主。近年来，重大风暴潮的发生有频率增加、危害加重的趋势。风暴潮对滨海湿地的影响是广泛而深远的，主要表现为淹没滨海低地、加速海岸蚀退、破坏地表结构、毁坏湿地植被、加剧海水入侵等，使滨海湿地不断损失退化，生态环境恶化。     

城市街景环境与社会安全事件的空间关系研究

为研究城市街景环境与社会安全事件之间的空间关系,提出融合语义分割技术与地理加权回归方法,基于国内典型城市街景环境数据和社会安全事件数据,验证方法的可行性。研究结果表明：模型校正拟合因子R²在0.744～0.841之间,拟合效果较好,街景环境要素指标与社会安全事件存在显著空间相关性;绿视指数和天空开阔指数与社会安全事件在大部分区域呈显著负相关关系,交通信号指数、汽车指数和人群聚集指数与社会安全事件呈显著正相关关系,研究结果可为城市安全规划和社会安全风险防控提供决策支持。     

青海湖几种主要湿地植物的种群分布格局及动态

应用种群生态空间分布的分析方法,研究了青海湖四种主要湿地植物：杉叶藻（Hippuris vulgaris)、槽杆荸荠（Eleocharis valleculosa)、华扁穗莞（Blysmus sinocompresus)、碱蓬（Suaeda glauca)的空间分布格局及其动态,研究表明：杉叶藻、槽杆荸荠、华扁穗莞三种群由侵入期、定期初期到种群发育盛期的过程中,其集群程度先增大后减小,总体呈扩散的趋势;碱蓬种群,从幼苗到繁殖期,集群程度增大,呈聚集的趋势,说明前三种植物的克隆繁殖方式于滨湖湿地生境具有更好的生态适应性,图2表3参11     

扎龙河滨湿地水体营养化污染特征及水环境恢复对策

对扎龙湿地水体富营养化污染状况进行调查，指出沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地TN、TP、BOD，等多项水质指标都已严重超标；阐明了营养物年季变化特征；总结了扎龙湿地水体富营养化发展趋势；提出了保障湿地供水、生态工程恢复及控制流域地表水污染的多项管理策略。     

3种不同基质潜流湿地对磷的去除效果

基质是潜流式人工湿地污水处理系统的重要组成部分，直接影响到系统的处理效果。本文研究了由沸石、页岩陶粒和碎石3种不同基质构建的潜流式人工湿地对磷的去除效果。结果表明，在设计水力停留时间3d，连续进出水情况下，碎石单元对磷的去除效果最好，页岩陶粒单元次之，沸石单元效果最差，平均去除率分别为95％、60％和35％。在潜流式人工湿地污水处理系统运行初期观察到磷释放现象，沸石单元最为明显。进水磷浓度较低时，磷的去除率随浓度升高而升高，当正磷、总磷浓度分别升高到2．4—2．5和3．1～3．3mg／L时，正磷、总磷的去除率开始迅速下降。     

潜流湿地对典型选控性有机污染物去除的预测

建立潜流湿地有机污染物迁移转化模型,采用多孔介质模型描述潜流湿地的水力特性,并引入Monod方程相耦合,实现对湿地系统内部流场及水质浓度的同时模拟。通过实验,校核模型参数,并验证模型。结果表明,该模型能较好模拟潜流湿地中有机污染物的去除效果;计算条件下,在不同基质填料的潜流湿地中都会出现滞水区和快速通道,影响水力效率与污染物去除效果;预测了不同填料系统中7种典型选控性有机污染物的去除效果,其处理效率:苯胺苯酚二甲苯甲苯苯硝基苯氯苯,可通过优选填料提高吸附量和延长停留时间来提高选控性有机物的处理效果。     

人工湿地污水处理工艺及除污机理

对人工湿地污水处理工艺及其对水中污染物的去除机理进行了综述,并对人工湿地处理污水的技术进行了展望。     

Energy-Based Land Use Predictors of Proximal Factors and Benthic Diatom Composition in Florida Freshwater Marshes

The Landscape Development Intensity index (LDI), which is based on non-renewable energy use and integrates diverse land use activities, was compared to other measures of LU (e.g., %agriculture, %urban) to determine its ability for predicting benthic diatom composition in freshwater marshes of peninsular Florida. In this study, 70 small, isolated herbaceous marshes located along a human disturbance gradient (generally agricultural) throughout peninsular Florida were sampled for benthic diatoms and soil and water physical/chemical parameters (i.e., TP, TKN, pH, specific conductance, etc.). Landscape measures of percent agriculture, percent urban, percent natural, and LDI index values were calculated for a 100 m buffer around each site. The strongest relationships using Mantel's r statistic, which ranges from −1 to 1, were found between benthic diatom composition, the combined soil and water variables, and LDI scores (r=0.51, P<0.0001). Although similar, soil and water variables alone (r=0.45, P<0.0001) or with percent agriculture or percent natural were not as strongly correlated (both Mantel's r=0.46, P<0.0001). Little urban land use was found in the areas surrounding the study wetlands. Diatom data were clustered using flexible beta into 2 groups, and stepwise discriminant analysis identified specific conductance, followed by LDI score, soil pH, water total phosphorus, and ammonia, as cluster-separating variables. The LDI explained slightly more of the variation in species composition than either percent agriculture or percent natural, perhaps because the LDI can combine disparate land uses into a single quantitative value. However, the ecological significance of the difference between land use metrics and diatom composition is controvertible, and additional tests including more varied land uses appear warranted.     

人工湿地在污水处理中的应用及其展望

作为污水处理的有效途径，人工湿地具有众多的优点。本文分析了人工湿地的构造及去污机理，总结了人工湿地在污水处理中应用的历史及现状，并对其未来的应用前景做出了展望。     

Impacts of freshwater wetlands on water quality: A landscape perspective

In this article, we suggest that a landscape approach might be useful in evaluating the effects of cumulative impacts on freshwater wetlands. The reason for using this approach is that most watersheds contain more than one wetland, and effects on water quality depend on the types of wetlands and their position in the landscape. Riparian areas that border uplands appear to be important sites for nitrogen processing and retention of large sediment particles. Fine particles associated with high concentrations of phosphorus are retained in downstream wetlands, where flow rates are slowed and where the surface water passes through plant litter. Riverine systems also may play an important role in processing nutrients, primarily during flooding events. Lacustrine wetlands appear to have the least impact on water quality, due to the small ratio of vegetated surface to open water. Examples are given of changes that occurred when the hydrology of a Maryland floodplain was altered.