水权制度选择理论——基于交易成本、租值消散的研究

水资源配置大致存在完全政府配置、完全市场配置和准市场配置3种模式。中国正处于水权制度改革的过程中,水资源配置制度有从完全政府配置转向依靠市场配置的趋势。新制度经济学的交易成本理论和租值消散理论可以为新的水权制度的设计和选择提供依据。水资源的不同配置制度对应着相应的交易成本,相对较好的制度应该能在扣除交易成本之后获得较多的社会净租值。目前我国水资源管理的当务之急是根据经济理性,科学地界定好水资源的公有和私有权利,并由完全政府管制向市场体制转型。     

基于内容分析法的旅游安全管理政策设计研究

基于系统角度探讨了旅游安全管理的目标,借鉴公共部门激励、企业监管和旅游者行为等相关研究构建了政策效力—政策目标—政策工具的分析框架,并运用内容分析法对我国104份政策文件进行分析。结果发现:目前我国旅游安全管理法制建设仍不健全,政策工具使用存在对地方政府、旅游企业和旅游者激励不足的问题。在此基础上,提出完善旅游安全管理法律体系,优化对地方政府的激励机制设置,灵活运用政策工具等建议。     

Views of the City: Multiple pathways to sustainable transport futures

In this paper we look behind the notion of sustainable transport and highlight the tensions and contradictions between the different ways of achieving this. The paper examines transportation plans for a major UK city and describes how these develop the idea and practice of sustainable transport and demand management along three quite distinct trajectories. By focusing on both the technological and the institutional dimensions of three different routes to sustainable transport, the analysis explicates the different ways in which the urban transport problem is framed, the different socio-technical logics of demand management embodied in the plans and the differing ways in which institutional relationships are (re)constituted. A key finding is that technological and institutional innovations are inversely related so that radical technological innovation often serves to reinforce existing social relations of power and exclusion. The conclusion drawn is that the choice is not just between a sustainable and an unsustainable transport future, but also between different forms of sustainability.     

Constraints to managing urban and housing land in the context of poverty: a case of Epworth settlement in Zimbabwe

This paper makes a proposition that Epworth's current housing management policies, regulations and practices do not promote easy access to formal standard housing and secure tenure in peri-urban and urban areas for low-income groups. In constructing this paper, both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. The qualitative methods adopted include key informant interviews, observations of the environmental aspects of the study area and documentary analysis of secondary data housed in the local board (Epworth Local Board) offices. The major findings demonstrate the reasons for high levels of squatting in Epworth, the local board's housing and development control policy, the relationship between poverty and informal settlements, the informal settlers' capacity to meet the costs of planned and serviced stands and policy options for both the central government and the local board which can be adopted to alleviate poverty in informal settlements. Evidence on the ground points to the fact that perpetuated animosity among groups in a settlement hinders the growth and development of that place. Epworth is a victim of disharmony of the groups residing there. It is the group dynamics that are very influential in making or breaking development in a place. The government official position on Epworth in this study stands unconvincing regarding the jeopardy of bad stewardship by the so-called responsible authority.     

Government management and overexploitation of groundwater resources: absence of local community initiatives in Ardabil plain-Iran

Although mismanagement of groundwater resources has resulted in their destruction over centuries, climate change is speeding up this process more than ever. On the one hand, urgent action by government bodies is needed to address the challenge. On the other hand, a vast body of literature proves that bottom-up collective action, although requiring a longer time period, is a better solution to manage such resources. This research aims to address this dilemma. The groundwater resource in Ardabil plain in Iran, which has long been managed solely through government intervention, has been chosen as a case study to explore the opportunities and limitations of managing a critically endangered area from a common pool resource perspective. Our study suggests that managing Ardabil groundwater resources should be conducted on two scales. The bottom-up institutional agreements should take place at village scale while the government should stay in charge of the overall organization at plain scale.     

电熔镁生产含尘废气治理技术研究

文章阐述了进行电熔镁生产含尘废气治理技术研究的必要性,通过对电熔镁生产污染治理技术措施进展情况分析,找出了技术比较先进、经济合理、处理效率较高的除尘设备,为电熔镁生产含尘废气的有效治理提供技术支持,为电熔镁企业选择合适的除尘设备提供参考.     

Institutional Responses to Climate Change: the Case of the Alaska Transportation System

Institutions managing the Alaska road,rail, airport, and marine highwaytransportation system and the pipelinecorridor are evaluated for reactions toevidence of climate change. Long-termclimate warming is not a formal criterionin the decisional process of the stateDepartment of Transportation and PublicFacilities for road and airport projects,which have a short (15–25 year) life span,but is taken into account for bridgeconstruction (50–75 year life). Short- tomid-term climate effects are considered inareas with discontinuous permafrost andaffect routing, roadbed construction, andmaintenance decisions. National standardsare amended with Alaska-specific practicesfor unique cold-weather conditions.The Federal/State Joint Pipeline Office(JPO), responsible for monitoring ofpipeline safety under the federal lease andstate grant, in 2001 developed additionalstipulations to mitigate permafrost thawingand slope instability, including a `watchlist' of 200 wobbling VSMs on theTrans-Alaska Pipeline. This action appearsmore responsive to climate change effectsthan that of any other arctic institutionstudied. It can be attributed to thespecific authority of the JPO to monitorgeotechnical conditions at present and inthe future.In general, agencies tended to adoptincremental responses to evidence ofclimate change.     

乌鲁木齐市能源部门温室气体排放测算

文章为做好温室气体减排的前期基础研究工作,从乌鲁木齐市能源消耗现状出发,根据《IPCC指南》中的表观能源消耗量估算法及排放系数法,分别对煤炭、成品油和天然气消费所排放的CO2、CH4和N2O量进行测算和分析,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市能源部门温室气体排放量近几年增长非常迅速,且与能源消费量呈显著正相关;三大能源中,煤炭消费为温室气体排放的主要来源。     

作业场所职业危害监管信息管理系统开发

根据我国职业危害实际情况,提出基于企业、县、市、省、国家监管部门的5级分布式数据存储架构,并使用网络数据库进行实现;设计了监管信息系统的功能模块,其中包括:职业危害基础数据模块、数据管理模块、监督检查信息模块、地理信息模块、辅助决策模块、专家咨询模块、事故调查处理信息、通信与数据同步模块、信息系统培训模块等;软件基于3层B/W/S模式,使用ASP,.net后台技术来开发,实现了WEB对数据库的访问和相互信息交流;该系统在现场进行了试用,获得满意的效果。